鉴于Exception所有其他错误都继承自 的 ruby 核心文档，其中陈述了关于#message
返回调用 exception.to_s 的结果。通常这会返回异常的消息或名称。通过提供 to_str 方法，同意在期望字符串的地方使用异常。
http://ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/Exception.html#method-i-message
我会选择重新定义to_s/to_str或初始化程序。这是一个示例，我们想以人类可读的方式了解外部服务何时无法执行某项操作。
注意：下面的第二种策略使用 rails 漂亮的字符串方法，例如demodualize，这可能有点复杂，因此在异常中可能不明智。如果需要，您还可以向方法签名添加更多参数。
覆盖#to_s 策略 而不是#to_str，它的工作方式不同
module ExternalService
class FailedCRUDError < ::StandardError
def to_s
'failed to crud with external service'
end
end
class FailedToCreateError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToReadError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToUpdateError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToDeleteError < FailedCRUDError; end
end
控制台输出
begin; raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError; rescue => e; e.message; end
# => "failed to crud with external service"
begin; raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError, 'custom message'; rescue => e; e.message; end
# => "failed to crud with external service"
begin; raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError.new('custom message'); rescue => e; e.message; end
# => "failed to crud with external service"
raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError
# ExternalService::FailedToCreateError: failed to crud with external service
覆盖 #initialize 策略
这是最接近我在 rails 中使用的实现的策略。如上所述，它使用demodualize、underscore和humanize ActiveSupport方法。但这可以很容易地删除，就像之前的策略一样。
module ExternalService
class FailedCRUDError < ::StandardError
def initialize(service_model=nil)
super("#{self.class.name.demodulize.underscore.humanize} using #{service_model.class}")
end
end
class FailedToCreateError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToReadError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToUpdateError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToDeleteError < FailedCRUDError; end
end
控制台输出
begin; raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError; rescue => e; e.message; end
# => "Failed to create error using NilClass"
begin; raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError, Object.new; rescue => e; e.message; end
# => "Failed to create error using Object"
begin; raise ExternalService::FailedToCreateError.new(Object.new); rescue => e; e.message; end
# => "Failed to create error using Object"
raise ExternalService::FailedCRUDError
# ExternalService::FailedCRUDError: Failed crud error using NilClass
raise ExternalService::FailedCRUDError.new(Object.new)
# RuntimeError: ExternalService::FailedCRUDError using Object
演示工具
这是一个演示，展示了上述实现的救援和消息传递。引发异常的类是 Cloudinary 的假 API。只需将上述策略之一转储到您的 Rails 控制台中，然后执行此操作。
require 'rails' # only needed for second strategy
module ExternalService
class FailedCRUDError < ::StandardError
def initialize(service_model=nil)
@service_model = service_model
super("#{self.class.name.demodulize.underscore.humanize} using #{@service_model.class}")
end
end
class FailedToCreateError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToReadError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToUpdateError < FailedCRUDError; end
class FailedToDeleteError < FailedCRUDError; end
end
# Stub service representing 3rd party cloud storage
class Cloudinary
def initialize(*error_args)
@error_args = error_args.flatten
end
def create_read_update_or_delete
begin
try_and_fail
rescue ExternalService::FailedCRUDError => e
e.message
end
end
private def try_and_fail
raise *@error_args
end
end
errors_map = [
# Without an arg
ExternalService::FailedCRUDError,
ExternalService::FailedToCreateError,
ExternalService::FailedToReadError,
ExternalService::FailedToUpdateError,
ExternalService::FailedToDeleteError,
# Instantiated without an arg
ExternalService::FailedCRUDError.new,
ExternalService::FailedToCreateError.new,
ExternalService::FailedToReadError.new,
ExternalService::FailedToUpdateError.new,
ExternalService::FailedToDeleteError.new,
# With an arg
[ExternalService::FailedCRUDError, Object.new],
[ExternalService::FailedToCreateError, Object.new],
[ExternalService::FailedToReadError, Object.new],
[ExternalService::FailedToUpdateError, Object.new],
[ExternalService::FailedToDeleteError, Object.new],
# Instantiated with an arg
ExternalService::FailedCRUDError.new(Object.new),
ExternalService::FailedToCreateError.new(Object.new),
ExternalService::FailedToReadError.new(Object.new),
ExternalService::FailedToUpdateError.new(Object.new),
ExternalService::FailedToDeleteError.new(Object.new),
].inject({}) do |errors, args|
begin
errors.merge!( args => Cloudinary.new(args).create_read_update_or_delete)
rescue => e
binding.pry
end
end
if defined?(pp) || require('pp')
pp errors_map
else
errors_map.each{ |set| puts set.inspect }
end