我有一个NSString
orNSMutableString
并且想要获取特定字符的出现次数。
我需要为相当多的字符(在这种情况下为大写英文字符)执行此操作,所以它会很快。
我有一个NSString
orNSMutableString
并且想要获取特定字符的出现次数。
我需要为相当多的字符(在这种情况下为大写英文字符)执行此操作,所以它会很快。
您可以在一行中完成此操作。例如,这会计算空格数:
NSUInteger numberOfOccurrences = [[yourString componentsSeparatedByString:@" "] count] - 1;
在 NSString 上试试这个类别:
@implementation NSString (OccurrenceCount)
- (NSUInteger)occurrenceCountOfCharacter:(UniChar)character
{
CFStringRef selfAsCFStr = (__bridge CFStringRef)self;
CFStringInlineBuffer inlineBuffer;
CFIndex length = CFStringGetLength(selfAsCFStr);
CFStringInitInlineBuffer(selfAsCFStr, &inlineBuffer, CFRangeMake(0, length));
NSUInteger counter = 0;
for (CFIndex i = 0; i < length; i++) {
UniChar c = CFStringGetCharacterFromInlineBuffer(&inlineBuffer, i);
if (c == character) counter += 1;
}
return counter;
}
@end
这比该componentsSeparatedByString:
方法快大约 5 倍。
replaceOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:
将返回在 a 中替换的字符数NSMutableString
。
[string replaceOccurrencesOfString:@"A"
withString:@"B"
options:NSLiteralSearch
range:NSMakeRange(0, [receiver length])];
每当您在 a 中寻找东西时NSString
,请先尝试使用NSScanner
。
NSString *yourString = @"ABCCDEDRFFED"; // For example
NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:yourString];
NSCharacterSet *charactersToCount = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"C"]; // For example
NSString *charactersFromString;
if (!([scanner scanCharactersFromSet:charactersToCount
intoString:&charactersFromString])) {
// No characters found
NSLog(@"No characters found");
}
// should return 2 for this
NSInteger characterCount = [charactersFromString length];
现在我想到的第一件事就是:NSCountedSet
NSString *string = @"AAATTC";
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
[string enumerateSubstringsInRange:NSMakeRange(0, [string length]) options:NSStringEnumerationByComposedCharacterSequences usingBlock:^(NSString *substring, NSRange substringRange, NSRange enclosingRange, BOOL *stop) {
[array addObject:substring];
}] ;
NSCountedSet * set = [[NSCountedSet alloc] initWithArray:array];
for (NSString *nucleobase in @[@"C", @"G", @"A", @"T"]){
NSUInteger count = [set countForObject:nucleobase];
NSLog(@"%@: %lu", nucleobase, (unsigned long)count);
}
日志:
C: 1
G: 0
A: 3
T: 2
不同 Objective-C 解决方案的性能比较。
假设以下所有方法都是 NSString 扩展(内部@implementation NSString (CountOfOccurrences)
)。
作为示例,我使用了一个随机生成的长度为 100000000 的字符串,其中使用了所有拉丁字符(CharacterSet(charactersIn: "\u{0020}"..."\u{036F}")
在 Swift 中)。而要数的字符是@"a"
。
在 Xcode 10.3 上以发布配置在模拟器上执行的测试。
计算一个字符有两种方法:使用NSLiteralSearch
或不使用。计数会有所不同,性能会受到根本影响。为了获得最快的结果,我们将执行精确的逐个字符等效。以下四种解决方案给出了非常接近的性能结果。
使用replaceOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:
. 这是所有场景中最快的解决方案:即使您替换NSLiteralSearch
为kNilOptions
,您仍然比 pierrot3887 扫描仪解决方案更快。
- (NSUInteger)countOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)stringToFind
{
return [[NSMutableString stringWithString:self] replaceOccurrencesOfString:stringToFind
withString:stringToFind
options:NSLiteralSearch
range:NSMakeRange(0, self.length)];
}
使用stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:options:range:
.
- (NSUInteger)countOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)stringToFind
{
NSString *strippedString = [self stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:stringToFind
withString:@""
options:NSLiteralSearch
range:NSMakeRange(0, self.length)];
return (self.length - strippedString.length) / stringToFind.length;
}
使用CFStringGetCharacterFromInlineBuffer
. 请参阅https://stackoverflow.com/a/15947190/1033581。
使用rangeOfString:options:range:
.
- (NSUInteger)countOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)stringToFind
{
//assert(stringToFind.length);
NSUInteger count = 0;
NSRange searchRange = NSMakeRange(0, self.length);
NSRange foundRange;
while ((void)(foundRange = [self rangeOfString:stringToFind options:NSLiteralSearch range:searchRange]), foundRange.length) {
count += 1;
NSUInteger loc = NSMaxRange(foundRange);
searchRange = NSMakeRange(loc, self.length - loc);
}
return count;
}
以下解决方案不使用NSLiteralSearch
也不执行精确的逐个字符等效。前两个可能比快速解决方案慢 10 倍,最后一个可能慢 100 倍。
使用scanUpToString:intoString:
. 太糟糕了,NSScanner
它没有提供精确的逐个字符等效的选项。
- (NSUInteger)countOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)stringToFind
{
NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:self];
scanner.charactersToBeSkipped = nil;
scanner.caseSensitive = YES;
NSUInteger numberOfOccurrences = 0;
while (!scanner.isAtEnd) {
[scanner scanUpToString:stringToFind intoString:nil];
if (!scanner.isAtEnd) {
numberOfOccurrences++;
[scanner scanString:stringToFind intoString:nil];
}
}
return numberOfOccurrences;
}
使用componentsSeparatedByString:
. 关于 doable in one line 的论点,请注意上面给出的最快解决方案也是 one liner。
- (NSUInteger)countOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)stringToFind
{
return [self componentsSeparatedByString:stringToFind].count - 1;
}
使用enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:
.
- (NSUInteger)countOccurrencesOfCharacter:(NSString *)characterToFind
{
__block NSUInteger counter = 0;
[self enumerateSubstringsInRange:NSMakeRange(0, self.length) options:NSStringEnumerationByComposedCharacterSequences usingBlock:^(NSString *substring, NSRange substringRange, NSRange enclosingRange, BOOL *stop) {
if ([characterToFind isEqualToString:substring]) counter += 1;
}];
return counter;
}
您的解决方案对我不起作用,我在循环中添加了一个条件,仅当 mainScanner 已到达字符串末尾时才增加 numberOfChar :
NSString *yourString = @"ABCCDEDRFFED"; // For example
NSScanner *mainScanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:yourString];
NSString *temp;
NSInteger numberOfChar=0;
while(![mainScanner isAtEnd])
{
[mainScanner scanUpToString:@"C" intoString:&temp];
if(![mainScanner isAtEnd]) {
numberOfChar++;
[mainScanner scanString:@"C" intoString:nil];
}
}
请注意,这是一个快速修复,我没有时间做出优雅的解决方案......
我可能会使用
NSString rangeOfCharacterFromSet:
或者
rangeOfCharacterFromSet:options:range::
其中 set 是您要搜索的字符集。它返回与集合匹配的第一个字符的位置。保留数组或字典并增加字符计数,然后重复。
扫描仪的示例在 iPhone 上崩溃。我找到了这个解决方案:
NSString *yourString = @"ABCCDEDRFFED"; // For example
NSScanner *mainScanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:yourString];
NSString *temp;
NSInteger numberOfChar=0;
while(![mainScanner isAtEnd])
{
[mainScanner scanUpToString:@"C" intoString:&temp];
numberOfChar++;
[mainScanner scanString:@"C" intoString:nil];
}
它对我有用,没有崩溃。希望它可以帮助!
这是一个用于 NSRange、Range、String 和 NSString 的 Swift 3 工作版本!享受 :)
/// All ranges using NSString and NSRange
/// Is usually used together with NSAttributedString
extension NSString {
public func ranges(of searchString: String, options: CompareOptions = .literal, searchRange: NSRange? = nil) -> [NSRange] {
let searchRange = searchRange ?? NSRange(location: 0, length: self.length)
let subRange = range(of: searchString, options: options, range: searchRange)
if subRange.location != NSNotFound {
let nextRangeStart = subRange.location + subRange.length
let nextRange = NSRange(location: nextRangeStart, length: searchRange.location + searchRange.length - nextRangeStart)
return [subRange] + ranges(of: searchString, options: options, searchRange: nextRange)
} else {
return []
}
}
}
/// All ranges using String and Range<Index>
/// Is usually used together with NSAttributedString
extension String {
public func ranges(of searchString: String, options: CompareOptions = [], searchRange: Range<Index>? = nil ) -> [Range<Index>] {
if let range = range(of: searchString, options: options, range: searchRange, locale: nil) {
let nextRange = range.upperBound..<(searchRange?.upperBound ?? endIndex)
return [range] + ranges(of: searchString, searchRange: nextRange)
} else {
return []
}
}
}