所以,我决定创建一个简单的 Canny 边缘检测器作为练习,然后再用图像处理来解决更难的话题。
我尝试遵循 Canny 的典型路径: 1. 对图像进行灰度化 2. 高斯滤波器以模糊噪声 3. 边缘检测 - 我同时使用 Sobel 和 Scharr 4. 边缘细化 - 我在方向上使用了非最大抑制,具体取决于梯度方向 - 垂直、水平、45 对角线或 135 对角线 5. 滞后
我以某种方式设法让它与 Scharr 的检测一起工作,但我经常遇到双边缘或多边缘的问题,尤其是 Sobel。我真的找不到一组可以让它工作的参数。
我的 Sobel 算法:
void sobel(sf::Image &image, pixldata **garray, float division)
{
int t1 = 0, t2 = 0, t3 = 0, t4 = 0;
sf::Color color;
sf::Image bufor;
bufor.create(image.getSize().x, image.getSize().y, sf::Color::Cyan);
for (int i = 1;i < image.getSize().y - 1;i++)
{
for (int j = 1;j < image.getSize().x - 1;j++)
{
t1 = (- image.getPixel(j - 1, i - 1).r - 2 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i).r - image.getPixel(j - 1, i + 1).r + image.getPixel(j + 1, i - 1).r + 2 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i).r + image.getPixel(j + 1, i + 1).r) / division;
t2 = (- image.getPixel(j - 1, i).r - 2 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i + 1).r - image.getPixel(j, i + 1).r + image.getPixel(j + 1, i).r + 2 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i - 1).r + image.getPixel(j, i - 1).r) / division;
t3 = (- image.getPixel(j - 1, i + 1).r - 2 * image.getPixel(j, i + 1).r - image.getPixel(j + 1, i + 1).r + image.getPixel(j - 1, i - 1).r + 2 * image.getPixel(j, i - 1).r + image.getPixel(j + 1, i - 1).r) / division;
t4 = (- image.getPixel(j, i + 1).r - 2 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i + 1).r - image.getPixel(j + 1, i).r + image.getPixel(j - 1, i).r + 2 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i - 1).r + image.getPixel(j, i - 1).r) / division;
color.r = (abs(t1) + abs(t2) + abs(t3) + abs(t4));
color.g = (abs(t1) + abs(t2) + abs(t3) + abs(t4));
color.b = (abs(t1) + abs(t2) + abs(t3) + abs(t4));
garray[j][i].gx = t1;
garray[j][i].gy = t3;
garray[j][i].gtrue = sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2 + t3*t3 + t4*t4);
garray[j][i].gsimpl = sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2);
t1 = abs(t1);
t2 = abs(t2);
t3 = abs(t3);
t4 = abs(t4);
if (t1 > t4 && t1 > t3 && t1 > t2)
garray[j][i].fi = 0;
else if (t2 > t4 && t2 > t3 && t2 > t1)
garray[j][i].fi = 45;
else if (t3 > t4 && t3 > t2 && t3 > t1)
garray[j][i].fi = 90;
else if (t4 > t3 && t4 > t2 && t4 > t1)
garray[j][i].fi = 135;
else
garray[j][i].fi = 0;
if (sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2 + t3*t3 + t4*t4) < 0)
{
color.r = 0;
color.g = 0;
color.b = 0;
}
else if (sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2 + t3*t3 + t4*t4) > 255)
{
color.r = 255;
color.g = 255;
color.b = 255;
}
else
{
color.r = sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2 + t3*t3 + t4*t4);
color.g = sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2 + t3*t3 + t4*t4);
color.b = sqrt(t1*t1 + t2*t2 + t3*t3 + t4*t4);
}
bufor.setPixel(j, i, color);
}
}
image.copy(bufor, 0, 0);
}
Scharr 代码的不同之处仅在于像素值的乘积。
t1 = (-3 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i - 1).r - 10 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i).r - 3 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i + 1).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i - 1).r + 10 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i + 1).r) / division;
t2 = (-3 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i).r - 10 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i + 1).r - 3 * image.getPixel(j, i + 1).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i).r + 10 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i - 1).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j, i - 1).r) / division;
t3 = (-3 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i + 1).r - 10 * image.getPixel(j, i + 1).r - 3 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i + 1).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i - 1).r + 10 * image.getPixel(j, i - 1).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i - 1).r) / division;
t4 = (-3 * image.getPixel(j, i + 1).r - 10 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i + 1).r - 3 * image.getPixel(j + 1, i).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i).r + 10 * image.getPixel(j - 1, i - 1).r + 3 * image.getPixel(j, i - 1).r) / division;
细化代码:
void intelligentThin(sf::Image &image, int radius, pixldata **garray)
{
int xmax = image.getSize().x;
int ymax = image.getSize().y;
bool judgeandjury = true;
for (int i = 0;i < xmax;i++)
{
int leftBound = 0, rightBound = 0, ceilBound = 0, bottomBound = 0;
if (i < radius)
{
leftBound = 0;
rightBound = i + radius;
}
else if (i >= xmax - radius)
{
leftBound = i - radius;
rightBound = xmax - 1;
}
else
{
leftBound = i - radius;
rightBound = i + radius;
}
for (int j = 0;j < ymax;j++)
{
if (j < radius)
{
ceilBound = 0;
bottomBound = j + radius;
}
else if (j >= ymax - radius)
{
ceilBound = j - radius;
bottomBound = ymax - 1;
}
else
{
ceilBound = j - radius;
bottomBound = j + radius;
}
if (garray[i][j].fi == 0)
{
for (int t = leftBound; t <= rightBound; t++)
{
if ((image.getPixel(t, j).r >= image.getPixel(i, j).r) && (t != i))
{
judgeandjury = false;
}
}
}
else if (garray[i][j].fi == 135)
{
for (int l = leftBound, t = ceilBound; (l <= rightBound && t <= bottomBound); l++, t++)
{
if ((image.getPixel(l, t).r >= image.getPixel(i, j).r) && (t != j))
{
judgeandjury = false;
}
}
}
else if (garray[i][j].fi == 90)
{
for (int t = ceilBound; t <= bottomBound; t++)
{
if ((image.getPixel(i, t).r >= image.getPixel(i, j).r) && (t != j))
{
judgeandjury = false;
}
}
}
else if (garray[i][j].fi == 45)
{
for (int l = rightBound, t = ceilBound; (l >= leftBound && t <= bottomBound); l--, t++)
{
if ((image.getPixel(l, t).r >= image.getPixel(i, j).r) && (t != j))
{
judgeandjury = false;
}
}
}
if (judgeandjury == false)
{
image.setPixel(i, j, sf::Color::Black);
}
judgeandjury = true;
}
leftBound = rightBound = 0;
}
}
迟滞代码:
void hysteresis(sf::Image &image, int radius, int uplevel, int lowlevel)
{
int xmax = image.getSize().x;
int ymax = image.getSize().y;
bool judgeandjury = false;
sf::Image bufor;
bufor.create(image.getSize().x, image.getSize().y, sf::Color::Cyan);
for (int i = 0;i < xmax;i++)
{
int leftBound = 0, rightBound = 0, ceilBound = 0, bottomBound = 0;
if (i < radius)
{
leftBound = 0;
rightBound = i + radius;
}
else if (i >= xmax - radius)
{
leftBound = i - radius;
rightBound = xmax - 1;
}
else
{
leftBound = i - radius;
rightBound = i + radius;
}
for (int j = 0;j < ymax;j++)
{
int currentPoint = image.getPixel(i, j).r;
if (j < radius)
{
ceilBound = 0;
bottomBound = j + radius;
}
else if (j >= ymax - radius)
{
ceilBound = j - radius;
bottomBound = ymax - 1;
}
else
{
ceilBound = j - radius;
bottomBound = j + radius;
}
if (currentPoint > uplevel)
{
judgeandjury = true;
}
else if (currentPoint > lowlevel)
{
for (int t = leftBound; t <= rightBound; t++)
{
for (int l = ceilBound; l <= bottomBound; l++)
{
if (image.getPixel(t, l).r > uplevel)
{
judgeandjury = true;
}
}
}
}
else judgeandjury = false;
if (judgeandjury == true)
{
bufor.setPixel(i, j, sf::Color::White);
}
else
{
bufor.setPixel(i, j, sf::Color::Black);
}
judgeandjury = false;
currentPoint = 0;
}
leftBound = rightBound = 0;
}
image.copy(bufor, 0, 0);
}
结果对 Sobel 来说是相当不满意的:
使用 Scharr,结果会更好:
参数集:
#define thinsize 1
#define scharrDivision 1
#define sobelDivision 1
#define hysteresisRadius 1
#define level 40
#define hysteresisUpperLevelSobel 80
#define hysteresisLowerLevelSobel 60
#define hysteresisUpperLevelScharr 200
#define hysteresisLowerLevelScharr 100
如您所见,Sobel 存在一个问题,它会产生双边。Scharr 也会产生一些噪音,但我认为这是可以接受的。当然,如果有人可以提供一些建议,它总是会变得更好:)
这种行为的原因是什么?它是由于我的错误或糟糕的算法造成的,还是仅仅是参数的情况?
编辑:发布 main()
sf::Image imydz;
imydz.loadFromFile("lena.jpg");
int x = imydz.getSize().x;
int y = imydz.getSize().y;
pixldata **garray = new pixldata *[x];
for (int i = 0;i < x;i++)
{
garray[i] = new pixldata[y];
}
monochrome(imydz);
gauss(imydz, radius, sigma);
//sobel(imydz, garray, sobelDivision);
scharr(imydz, garray, scharrDivision);
intelligentThin(imydz, thinsize, garray);
hysteresis(imydz, hysteresisRadius, hysteresisUpperLevel, hysteresisLowerLevel);
第二次编辑 - 修复抑制:
sf::Image bufor;
bufor.create(image.getSize().x, image.getSize().y, sf::Color::Black);
for (int i = 1;i < xmax - 1;i++)
{
for (int j = 1;j < ymax - 1;j++)
{
if (garray[i][j].fi == 0)
{
if (((image.getPixel(i, j).r >= image.getPixel(i + 1, j).r) && (image.getPixel(i, j).r > image.getPixel(i - 1, j).r)) ||
((image.getPixel(i, j).r > image.getPixel(i + 1, j).r) && (image.getPixel(i, j).r >= image.getPixel(i - 1, j).r)))
{
judgeandjury = true;
}
else judgeandjury = false;
}
...
if (judgeandjury == false)
{
bufor.setPixel(i, j, sf::Color::Black);
}
else bufor.setPixel(i, j, image.getPixel(i, j));
judgeandjury = false;
}
}
image.copy(bufor, 0, 0);