GCP 提供了两个负载均衡器，即Network和HTTP(s)，前者在第 4 层工作，后者在第 7 层工作。
还有一个文档指出，即使是 HTTP 流量也可以通过网络负载平衡器进行负载平衡。这会稍微混淆为 GCP 中的 Web 应用程序选择哪个负载均衡器。在为项目选择一个之前，最好了解这些差异。
根据工作流、设置、基于区域/区域、会话亲和性选项和其他设置，它们之间有什么区别？
问问题
7654 次
3 回答
34
网络负载均衡器与 HTTP(s) 负载均衡器
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Category | Network Load Balancing (NLB) | HTTP(S) Load Balancing (HLB) |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 1. Region / | NLB supports only within a region. | HLB supports both within cross-region |
| Cross-Region | Does not support cross-region | load balancing. |
| | load balancing | |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 2. Load balancing | NLB is based on IP address, port | HLB is based only on HTTP and HTTPS |
| based on | and protocol type. Any TCP/UDP | protocols. |
| | traffic, even SMTP can be | |
| | load balanced. | |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 3. Packet | Packet inspection is possible and | HLB cannot inspect packets. |
| inspection | load balance based on packets | |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 4. Instance | No need of creating instance group. | Managed / UnManaged Instance group |
| Group | Target pools need to be created. | is necessary for creating HTTP / HTTPS |
| | Instance can be just tagged to the pool. | load balancer. |
| | Ideal for unmanaged instance group | |
| | where instances are non homogeneous. | |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 5. Workflow | Forwarding rules is the starting point. | This is quite complex in HTTP(s) load balancer. |
| | It directs the request to the | Global forwarding rulesroutes direct the request |
| | target pools from which compute | to target HTTP proxy, which in turn checks the |
| | engines will pick the request. | URL map to determine appropriate backend |
| | | services. These services in turn direct the request |
| | Forwarding rules -> target pool | to the instance group. |
| | -> instances | |
| | | |
| | | Global forwarding rules -> Target HTTP proxy -> |
| | | URL map -> Backend Sevices -> instance group |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 6. Types of | Basic network load balancer which | 1. Cross-region load balancer uses only one |
| load balancer | directs the request based on IP address, | global IP address and routes the request |
| | port and the protocol within the region. | to the nearest region. |
| | | |
| | | 2. Content-based load balancer is based |
| | | on the URL path. Different path rules need |
| | | different backend services. for eg: /video |
| | | and /static require two separate backend services. |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 7. Session affinity | Session affinity can be set, but only | 1. Client IP Affinity: This directs the same |
| | during the creation of target pool. | client ip to same backend instance by |
| | Once it is set, the value | computing hash of the IP. |
| | cannot be changed. | 2. Generated Cookie Affinity: Load balancer stores |
| | | cookie in clients and directs the same client to |
| | | same instance with the help of retrieved cookie. |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 8. Health check | Health check is optional, but network | Health can be verified by either using HTTP |
| | load balancing relies on HTTP Health | heath check or HTTPS health check. |
| | checks for determining instance health. | |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
上表是基于我的观点。如果有任何不正确或我遗漏了什么，请随时发表评论，我会将其添加到表格中。
这是有关在GCP中设置HTTP 负载平衡器的说明的链接。
于 2017-01-08T16:55:42.973 回答
5
一般来说，下面是网络和 Http 负载平衡器之间的区别。
网络负载均衡器（第 4 层）： 这是基于网络变量（例如 IP 地址和目标端口）的流量分配。它是第 4 层 (TCP) 及以下，不考虑应用层的任何内容，例如内容类型、cookie 数据、自定义标头、用户位置或应用程序行为。它是无上下文的，只关心它以这种方式和那个方式引导的数据包中包含的网络层信息。
应用负载均衡器（第 7 层） 这是基于多个变量的请求分布，从网络层到应用层。它是上下文感知的，可以根据任何单个变量直接请求，就像它可以变量组合一样容易。应用程序根据其特殊行为进行负载平衡，而不仅仅是服务器（操作系统或虚拟化层）信息。提供基于规则、基于主机或基于路径的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 流量路由的能力。与 NLB 一样，每个 Target 可以位于不同的端口上。
两者之间的另一个区别很重要，因为网络负载平衡不能保证应用程序的可用性。这是因为它的决策仅基于网络和 TCP 层变量，根本不了解应用程序。通常，网络负载均衡器将根据服务器响应 ICMP ping 或正确完成三向 TCP 握手的能力来确定“可用性”。应用程序负载均衡器更深入，不仅能够根据特定页面的成功 HTTP GET 确定可用性，还能够根据输入参数验证内容是否符合预期。
于 2020-03-01T15:48:38.477 回答