我们正在开展一个项目,并试图通过 KPCA 获得一些结果。
我们有一个数据集(手写数字)并取了每个数字的前 200 个数字,所以我们完整的训练数据矩阵是 2000x784(784 是维度)。当我们做 KPCA 时,我们得到一个带有新的低维数据集 eg2000x100 的矩阵。但是我们不明白结果。我们不应该得到其他矩阵,比如我们为 pca 做 svd 时所做的吗?我们用于 KPCA 的代码如下:
function data_out = kernelpca(data_in,num_dim)
%% Checking to ensure output dimensions are lesser than input dimension.
if num_dim > size(data_in,1)
fprintf('\nDimensions of output data has to be lesser than the dimensions of input data\n');
fprintf('Closing program\n');
return
end
%% Using the Gaussian Kernel to construct the Kernel K
% K(x,y) = -exp((x-y)^2/(sigma)^2)
% K is a symmetric Kernel
K = zeros(size(data_in,2),size(data_in,2));
for row = 1:size(data_in,2)
for col = 1:row
temp = sum(((data_in(:,row) - data_in(:,col)).^2));
K(row,col) = exp(-temp); % sigma = 1
end
end
K = K + K';
% Dividing the diagonal element by 2 since it has been added to itself
for row = 1:size(data_in,2)
K(row,row) = K(row,row)/2;
end
% We know that for PCA the data has to be centered. Even if the input data
% set 'X' lets say in centered, there is no gurantee the data when mapped
% in the feature space [phi(x)] is also centered. Since we actually never
% work in the feature space we cannot center the data. To include this
% correction a pseudo centering is done using the Kernel.
one_mat = ones(size(K));
K_center = K - one_mat*K - K*one_mat + one_mat*K*one_mat;
clear K
%% Obtaining the low dimensional projection
% The following equation needs to be satisfied for K
% N*lamda*K*alpha = K*alpha
% Thus lamda's has to be normalized by the number of points
opts.issym=1;
opts.disp = 0;
opts.isreal = 1;
neigs = 30;
[eigvec eigval] = eigs(K_center,[],neigs,'lm',opts);
eig_val = eigval ~= 0;
eig_val = eig_val./size(data_in,2);
% Again 1 = lamda*(alpha.alpha)
% Here '.' indicated dot product
for col = 1:size(eigvec,2)
eigvec(:,col) = eigvec(:,col)./(sqrt(eig_val(col,col)));
end
[~, index] = sort(eig_val,'descend');
eigvec = eigvec(:,index);
%% Projecting the data in lower dimensions
data_out = zeros(num_dim,size(data_in,2));
for count = 1:num_dim
data_out(count,:) = eigvec(:,count)'*K_center';
end
我们已经阅读了很多论文,但仍然无法掌握 kpca 的逻辑!
任何帮助,将不胜感激!