我为井字游戏设计了一个简单的 AI，它应该会导致计算机对手试图阻止我的动作。运行代码不会出现任何错误，而且计算机通常会阻止我。但是，它有时会在棋盘上随机移动。此外，板上的一些棋子会消失。有什么帮助吗？
import operator, sys, random, time
def GameLoop():
def allEqual(list):
# Returns True if all the elements in a list are equal, or if the list is empty.
return not list or list == [list[0]] * len(list)
Empty = ' '
Player_X = 'X'
Player_O = 'O'
class Board:
# This class represents a tic tac toe board state.
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize all members."""
self.pieces = [Empty]*9
self.field_names = '123456789'
def output(self):
# Display the board on screen.
print('',self.pieces[0],'|',self.pieces[1],'|',self.pieces[2])
print('-----------')
print('',self.pieces[3],'|',self.pieces[4],'|',self.pieces[5])
print('-----------')
print('',self.pieces[6],'|',self.pieces[7],'|',self.pieces[8])
print()
def winner(self):
# Determine if one player has won the game. Returns Player_X, Player_O or None.
winning_rows = [[0,1,2],[3,4,5],[6,7,8], # Vertical
[0,3,6],[1,4,7],[2,5,8], # Horizontal
[0,4,8],[2,4,6]] # Diagonal
for row in winning_rows:
if self.pieces[row[0]] != Empty and allEqual([self.pieces[i] for i in row]):
return self.pieces[row[0]]
def getValidMoves(self):
# Returns a list of valid moves. A move can be passed to getMoveName to
# Retrieve a human-readable name or to makeMove/undoMove to play it.
return [pos for pos in range(9) if self.pieces[pos] == Empty]
def gameOver(self):
# Returns true if one player has won or if there are no valid moves left.
return self.winner() or not self.getValidMoves()
def getMoveName(self, move):
# Returns a human-readable name for a move
return self.field_names[move]
def makeMove(self, move, player):
# Plays a move. Note: this doesn't check if the move is legal!
self.pieces[move] = player
def undoMove(self, move):
# Undoes a move/removes a piece of the board.
self.makeMove(move, Empty)
def humanPlayer(board, player):
global move
# Function for the human player.
board.output()
possible_moves = dict([(board.getMoveName(move), move) for move in board.getValidMoves()])
move = input("Enter your move, pathetic human! (%s): " % (', '.join(sorted(possible_moves))))
while move not in possible_moves:
print("Silly human, '%s' is not a valid move! Try again!" % move)
move = input("Enter your move, pathetic human! (%s): " % (', '.join(sorted(possible_moves))))
board.makeMove(possible_moves[move], player)
def computerPlayer(board, player):
# Function for the computer player.
t0 = time.time()
board.output()
opponent = { Player_O : Player_X, Player_X : Player_O }
def judge(winner):
if winner == player:
return +1
if winner == None:
return 0
return -1
def evaluateMove(move, p=player):
try:
board.makeMove(move, p)
if board.gameOver():
return judge(board.winner())
outcomes = (evaluateMove(next_move, opponent[p]) for next_move in board.getValidMoves())
if p == player:
#return min(outcomes)
min_element = 1
for o in outcomes:
if o == -1:
return o
min_element = min(o,min_element)
return min_element
else:
#return max(outcomes)
max_element = -1
for o in outcomes:
if o == +1:
return o
max_element = max(o,max_element)
return max_element
finally:
board.undoMove(move)
if move == "1":
movef = random.choice("13")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "2":
movef = random.choice("024")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "3":
movef = random.choice("15")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "4":
movef = random.choice("046")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "5":
movef = random.choice("1357")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "6":
movef = random.choice("248")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "7":
movef = random.choice("37")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "8":
movef = random.choice("468")
moveg = int(movef)
elif move == "9":
movef = random.choice("57")
moveg = int(movef)
moves = [(move, evaluateMove(moveg)) for move in board.getValidMoves()]
random.shuffle(moves)
board.makeMove(moves[-1][0], player)
def game():
# The game function.
b = Board()
turn = 1
while True:
print("Turn: %i" % turn)
humanPlayer(b, Player_O)
if b.gameOver():
break
computerPlayer(b, Player_X)
if b.gameOver():
break
turn += 1
b.output()
if b.winner():
wina = 'Player "%s" wins' % b.winner()
if wina == 'Player "O" wins':
print("You have won, human. For now, I bid you farewell!")
else:
print("HA! I have won, inferior being! Come back when you are less carbon-based!")
else:
print('Game over')
if __name__ == "__main__":
game()
GameLoop()
GameLoop()