python - 如何在python中找到文件或目录的所有者

Question

我需要 Python 中的函数或方法来查找文件或目录的所有者。

函数应该是这样的：

>>> find_owner("/home/somedir/somefile")
owner3

Answer 1

我不是一个真正的蟒蛇人，但我能够做到这一点：

from os import stat
from pwd import getpwuid

def find_owner(filename):
    return getpwuid(stat(filename).st_uid).pw_name

Answer 2

你想使用os.stat()：

os.stat(path)
 Perform the equivalent of a stat() system call on the given path. 
 (This function follows symlinks; to stat a symlink use lstat().)

The return value is an object whose attributes correspond to the 
members of the stat structure, namely:

- st_mode - protection bits,
- st_ino - inode number,
- st_dev - device,
- st_nlink - number of hard links,
- st_uid - user id of owner,
- st_gid - group id of owner,
- st_size - size of file, in bytes,
- st_atime - time of most recent access,
- st_mtime - time of most recent content modification,
- st_ctime - platform dependent; time of most recent metadata 
             change on Unix, or the time of creation on Windows)

获取所有者 UID 的用法示例：

from os import stat
stat(my_filename).st_uid

但是请注意，它stat返回的是用户 ID 号（例如，0 代表 root），而不是实际的用户名。

Answer 3

这是一个老问题，但对于那些正在寻找更简单的 Python 3 解决方案的人来说。

你也可以使用Pathfrompathlib来解决这个问题，通过调用Path'sowner和group这样的方法：

from pathlib import Path

path = Path("/path/to/your/file")
owner = path.owner()
group = path.group()
print(f"{path.name} is owned by {owner}:{group}")

所以在这种情况下，方法可能如下：

from typing import Union
from pathlib import Path

def find_owner(path: Union[str, Path]) -> str:
    path = Path(path)
    return f"{path.owner()}:{path.group()}"

Answer 4

我最近偶然发现了这个，希望获得所有者用户和组信息，所以我想我会分享我的想法：

import os
from pwd import getpwuid
from grp import getgrgid

def get_file_ownership(filename):
    return (
        getpwuid(os.stat(filename).st_uid).pw_name,
        getgrgid(os.stat(filename).st_gid).gr_name
    )

Answer 5

下面是一些示例代码，展示了如何找到文件的所有者：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import pwd
filename = '/etc/passwd'
st = os.stat(filename)
uid = st.st_uid
print(uid)
# output: 0
userinfo = pwd.getpwuid(st.st_uid)
print(userinfo)
# output: pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='root', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=0, 
#          pw_gid=0, pw_gecos='root', pw_dir='/root', pw_shell='/bin/bash')
ownername = pwd.getpwuid(st.st_uid).pw_name
print(ownername)
# output: root

Answer 6

请参阅os.stat。它为您提供st_uid所有者的用户 ID。然后，您必须将其转换为名称。为此，请使用pwd.getpwuid。

Answer 7

在 Windows 上这可以工作，但使用 cli

import os
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from collections import namedtuple


def sliceit(iterable, tup):
    return iterable[tup[0]:tup[1]].strip()

def convert_cat(line):
    # Column Align Text indicies from cmd
    # Date time dir filesize owner filename
    Stat = namedtuple('Stat', 'date time directory size owner filename')
    stat_index = Stat(date=(0, 11), 
                      time=(11, 18), 
                      directory=(18, 27), 
                      size=(27, 35), 
                      owner=(35, 59), 
                      filename=(59, -1))

    stat = Stat(date=sliceit(line, stat_index.date),
                      time=sliceit(line, stat_index.time),
                      directory=sliceit(line, stat_index.directory),
                      size=sliceit(line, stat_index.size),
                      owner=sliceit(line, stat_index.owner),
                      filename=sliceit(line, stat_index.filename))
    return stat

def stat(path):
    if not os.path.isdir(path):
        dirname, filename = os.path.split(path)
    else:
        dirname = path
    cmd = ["cmd", "/c", "dir", dirname, "/q"]
    session = Popen(cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    # cp1252 is common on my Norwegian Computer,
    # check encoding from your windows system
    result = session.communicate()[0].decode('cp1252')

    if os.path.isdir(path):
        line = result.splitlines()[5]
        return convert_cat(line)
    else:
        for line in result.splitlines()[5:]:
            if filename in line:
                return convert_cat(line)
        else:
            raise Exception('Could not locate file')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(stat('C:\\temp').owner)
    print(stat('C:\\temp\\diff.py'))