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我必须编写一个程序来解决二次方程,返回一个复数结果。

到目前为止,我已经定义了一个复数,将其声明为 num 的一部分,因此可以进行 +,- 和 * - ing。

我还定义了二次方程的数据类型,但我现在坚持实际求解二次方程。我的数学很差,所以任何帮助将不胜感激......

data Complex = C {
re :: Float,
im :: Float
} deriving Eq

-- Display complex numbers in the normal way

instance Show Complex where
    show (C r i)
        | i == 0            = show r
        | r == 0            = show i++"i"
        | r < 0 && i < 0    = show r ++ " - "++ show (C 0 (i*(-1)))
        | r < 0 && i > 0    = show r ++ " + "++ show (C 0 i)
        | r > 0 && i < 0    = show r ++ " - "++ show (C 0 (i*(-1)))
        | r > 0 && i > 0    = show r ++ " + "++ show (C 0 i)


-- Define algebraic operations on complex numbers
instance Num Complex where
    fromInteger n       = C (fromInteger n) 0 -- tech reasons
    (C a b) + (C x y)   = C (a+x) (b+y)
    (C a b) * (C x y)   = C (a*x - b*y) (b*x + b*y)
    negate (C a b)      = C (-a) (-b)

instance Fractional Complex where
    fromRational r      = C (fromRational r) 0 -- tech reasons
    recip (C a b)       = C (a/((a^2)+(b^2))) (b/((a^2)+(b^2)))


root :: Complex -> Complex
root (C x y)
    | y == 0 && x == 0  = C 0 0
    | y == 0 && x > 0   = C (sqrt ( ( x + sqrt ( (x^2) + 0 ) ) / 2 ) )  0
    | otherwise         = C (sqrt ( ( x + sqrt ( (x^2) + (y^2) ) ) / 2 ) ) ((y/(2*(sqrt ( ( x + sqrt ( (x^2) + (y^2) ) ) / 2 ) ) ) ) )


-- quadratic polynomial : a.x^2 + b.x + c
data Quad = Q {
    aCoeff, bCoeff, cCoeff :: Complex
    } deriving Eq


instance Show Quad where
    show (Q a b c) = show a ++ "x^2 + " ++ show b ++ "x + " ++ show c

solve :: Quad -> (Complex, Complex)
solve (Q a b c) = STUCK!

编辑:我似乎错过了使用我自己的复数数据类型的全部意义在于了解自定义数据类型。我很清楚我可以使用 complex.data。到目前为止,使用我的解决方案可以提供的任何帮助将不胜感激。\

编辑2:似乎我最初的问题措辞很糟糕。我知道二次公式将返回两个(或仅一个)根给我。我遇到麻烦的地方是使用上面的代码将这些根作为(复杂的,复杂的)元组返回。

我很清楚我可以使用下面显示的内置二次函数,但这不是练习。练习和创建自己的复数数据类型背后的想法是了解自定义数据类型。

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2 回答 2

6

就像 newacct 说的,这只是二次方程:

(-b +- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a
module QuadraticSolver where

import Data.Complex
data Quadratic a = Quadratic a a a deriving (Show, Eq)

roots :: (RealFloat a) => Quadratic a -> [ Complex a ]
roots (Quadratic a b c) = 
  if discriminant == 0 
  then [ numer / denom ]
  else [ (numer + root_discriminant) / denom,
         (numer - root_discriminant) / denom ]
  where discriminant = (b*b - 4*a*c)
        root_discriminant = if (discriminant < 0) 
                            then 0 :+ (sqrt $ -discriminant)
                            else (sqrt discriminant) :+ 0
        denom = 2*a :+ 0
        numer = (negate b) :+ 0

在实践中:

ghci> :l QuadraticSolver
Ok, modules loaded: QuadraticSolver.
ghci> roots (Quadratic 1 2 1)
[(-1.0) :+ 0.0]
ghci> roots (Quadratic 1 0 1)
[0.0 :+ 1.0,(-0.0) :+ (-1.0)]

并适应使用您的条款:

solve :: Quad -> (Complex, Complex)
solve (Q a b c) = ( sol (+), sol (-) )
  where sol op = (op (negate b) $ root $ b*b - 4*a*c) / (2 * a)

虽然我还没有测试过那个代码

于 2009-08-03T20:13:59.800 回答
5

由于 Haskellsqrt也可以处理复数,rampion 的解决方案甚至可以进一步简化:

import Data.Complex

-- roots for quadratic equations with complex coefficients
croots :: (RealFloat a) =>
          (Complex a) -> (Complex a) -> (Complex a) -> [Complex a]
croots a b c
      | disc == 0 = [solution (+)]
      | otherwise = [solution (+), solution (-)]
   where disc = b*b - 4*a*c
         solution plmi = plmi (-b) (sqrt disc) / (2*a)

-- roots for quadratic equations with real coefficients
roots :: (RealFloat a) => a -> a -> a -> [Complex a]
roots a b c = croots (a :+ 0) (b :+ 0) (c :+ 0)

croots如果您更改类型以适合您的实现(并调用您的root函数而不是),您也可以将此函数与您自己的数据类型一起使用sqrt

于 2009-08-03T22:04:51.950 回答