关于并发的一点背景
并发传递值是容易的部分。查看AtomicInteger
数据类型(此处有更多信息)。原子性也意味着All or nothing
。这种数据类型不一定是在线程或处理器之间发送数据(就像你会使用的那样mpi
),但它只是在其共享内存上共享数据。
但是什么是原子动作?......
原子操作是作为单个工作单元执行的操作,不会受到其他操作的干扰。
在 Java 中,语言规范保证读取或写入变量是原子的(除非变量是 long 或 double 类型)。Long 和 double 只有在声明为 volatile 时才是原子的......
学分(Java 并发/多线程 - Lars Vogel 的教程)
我强烈建议您阅读这篇文章,它涵盖了从atomicity
、thread pools
和.deadlocks
the "volatile" and "synchronized" keyword
Start Class 这将执行一个新线程(也可以称为我们的Main Thread
)。
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @author Michael Jones
* @description Main Thread
*/
public class start {
private AtomicInteger state;
private Thread p;
private Thread r;
/**
* constructor
* initialize the declared threads
*/
public start(){
//initialize the state
this.state = new AtomicInteger(0);
//initialize the threads r and p
this.r = new Thread(new action("resume", state));
this.p = new Thread(new action("pause", state));
} //close constructor
/**
* Start the threads
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public void startThreads() throws InterruptedException{
if(!this.r.isAlive()){
r.start(); //start r
}
if(!this.p.isAlive()){
Thread.sleep(1000); //wait a little (wait for r to update)...
p.start(); //start p
}
} //close startThreads
/**
* This method starts the main thread
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
//call the constructor of this class
start s = new start();
//try the code
try {
s.startThreads();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} //start the threads
} //close main
} //close class start
因为整数是原子的,所以你也可以main method
在除Start Class之外的任何地方检索它System.out.println("[run start] current state is... "+state.intValue());
。(如果您希望从 中检索它main method
,则必须设置一个 Setter/Getter,就像我在Action Class中所做的那样)
Action Class 这是我们的线程(也可以称为 our Slave Thread
)。
import java.lang.Thread.State;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @author Michael Jones
* @description Slave Thread
*/
public class action implements Runnable {
private String event = "";
private AtomicInteger state;
/**
* The constructor (this represents the current instance of a thread).
*
* @param event
* @param state
*/
public action(String event, AtomicInteger state) {
this.event = event; // update this instance of event
this.state = state; // update this instance of state
} // constructor
/**
* This method will be called after YourThreadName.Start();
*/
@Override
public void run() {
if (this.event == "resume") {
this.OnResume(); // call resume
} else {
this.OnPause(); // call pause
}
} // close Runnable run() method
/**
* The resume function Use the auto lock from synchronized
*/
public synchronized void OnResume() {
System.out.println("[OnResume] The state was.." + this.getAtomicState()
+ " // Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
this.setAtomicState(2); // change the state
System.out.println("[OnResume] The state is.." + this.getAtomicState()
+ " // Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
} // close function
/**
* The pause function Use the auto lock from synchronized
*/
public synchronized void OnPause() {
System.out.println("[OnPause] The state was.." + this.getAtomicState()
+ " // Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
this.setAtomicState(1); // change the state
System.out.println("[OnPause] The state is.." + this.getAtomicState()
+ " // Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
} // close function
/**
* Get the atomic integer from memory
*
* @return Integer
*/
private Integer getAtomicState() {
return state.intValue();
}// close function
/**
* Update or Create a new atomic integer
*
* @param value
*/
private void setAtomicState(Integer value) {
if (this.state == null) {
state = new AtomicInteger(value);
} else
state.set(value);
} // close function
} // close the class
控制台输出
[OnResume] The state was..0 // Thread: 9
[OnResume] The state is..2 // Thread: 9
[OnPause] The state was..2 // Thread: 10
[OnPause] The state is..1 // Thread: 10
如您所见,AtomicInteger state
我们的线程r
和p
.
解决方案和要寻找的东西...
做并发时唯一需要注意的是Race Conditions
// Deadlocks
。Livelocks
有些RaceConditions
发生是因为Threads
是按随机顺序创建的(并且大多数程序员都认为顺序是顺序的)。
由于线程的随机顺序,我有这条线Thread.sleep(1000);
,以便我Main Thread
给从属线程r
一点时间来更新state
(在允许p
运行之前)。
1)保持对线程的引用并使用方法传递值。
学分 ( SJuan76 , 2012)
在我发布的解决方案中,我将我的Main Thread
(又名class start
)作为我的主要沟通者,以跟踪Atomic Integer
我的奴隶使用(又名class action
)。我的主线程也是我updating
的从属线程(内存缓冲区的更新发生在应用程序的后台并由类处理)。memory buffer
Atomic Integer
AtomicInteger