我开始使用 PETSc 库来并行求解线性方程组。我已经安装了所有软件包，构建并成功运行了 petsc/src/ksp/ksp/examples/tutorials/ 文件夹中的示例，例如 ex.c
但是我不明白如何通过从文件中读取它们来填充矩阵 A、X 和 B。
这里我提供 ex2.c 文件中的代码：
/* Program usage: mpiexec -n <procs> ex2 [-help] [all PETSc options] */
static char help[] = "Solves a linear system in parallel with KSP.\n\
Input parameters include:\n\
-random_exact_sol : use a random exact solution vector\n\
-view_exact_sol : write exact solution vector to stdout\n\
-m <mesh_x> : number of mesh points in x-direction\n\
-n <mesh_n> : number of mesh points in y-direction\n\n";
/*T
Concepts: KSP^basic parallel example;
Concepts: KSP^Laplacian, 2d
Concepts: Laplacian, 2d
Processors: n
T*/
/*
Include "petscksp.h" so that we can use KSP solvers. Note that this file
automatically includes:
petscsys.h - base PETSc routines petscvec.h - vectors
petscmat.h - matrices
petscis.h - index sets petscksp.h - Krylov subspace methods
petscviewer.h - viewers petscpc.h - preconditioners
*/
#include <C:\PETSC\include\petscksp.h>
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "main"
int main(int argc,char **args)
{
Vec x,b,u; /* approx solution, RHS, exact solution */
Mat A; /* linear system matrix */
KSP ksp; /* linear solver context */
PetscRandom rctx; /* random number generator context */
PetscReal norm; /* norm of solution error */
PetscInt i,j,Ii,J,Istart,Iend,m = 8,n = 7,its;
PetscErrorCode ierr;
PetscBool flg = PETSC_FALSE;
PetscScalar v;
#if defined(PETSC_USE_LOG)
PetscLogStage stage;
#endif
PetscInitialize(&argc,&args,(char *)0,help);
ierr = PetscOptionsGetInt(PETSC_NULL,"-m",&m,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsGetInt(PETSC_NULL,"-n",&n,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Compute the matrix and right-hand-side vector that define
the linear system, Ax = b.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
/*
Create parallel matrix, specifying only its global dimensions.
When using MatCreate(), the matrix format can be specified at
runtime. Also, the parallel partitioning of the matrix is
determined by PETSc at runtime.
Performance tuning note: For problems of substantial size,
preallocation of matrix memory is crucial for attaining good
performance. See the matrix chapter of the users manual for details.
*/
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(A,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,m*n,m*n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetFromOptions(A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatMPIAIJSetPreallocation(A,5,PETSC_NULL,5,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSeqAIJSetPreallocation(A,5,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Currently, all PETSc parallel matrix formats are partitioned by
contiguous chunks of rows across the processors. Determine which
rows of the matrix are locally owned.
*/
ierr = MatGetOwnershipRange(A,&Istart,&Iend);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Set matrix elements for the 2-D, five-point stencil in parallel.
- Each processor needs to insert only elements that it owns
locally (but any non-local elements will be sent to the
appropriate processor during matrix assembly).
- Always specify global rows and columns of matrix entries.
Note: this uses the less common natural ordering that orders first
all the unknowns for x = h then for x = 2h etc; Hence you see J = Ii +- n
instead of J = I +- m as you might expect. The more standard ordering
would first do all variables for y = h, then y = 2h etc.
*/
ierr = PetscLogStageRegister("Assembly", &stage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscLogStagePush(stage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
for (Ii=Istart; Ii<Iend; Ii++) {
v = -1.0; i = Ii/n; j = Ii - i*n;
if (i>0) {J = Ii - n; ierr = MatSetValues(A,1,&Ii,1,&J,&v,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
if (i<m-1) {J = Ii + n; ierr = MatSetValues(A,1,&Ii,1,&J,&v,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
if (j>0) {J = Ii - 1; ierr = MatSetValues(A,1,&Ii,1,&J,&v,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
if (j<n-1) {J = Ii + 1; ierr = MatSetValues(A,1,&Ii,1,&J,&v,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
v = 4.0; ierr = MatSetValues(A,1,&Ii,1,&Ii,&v,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
}
/*
Assemble matrix, using the 2-step process:
MatAssemblyBegin(), MatAssemblyEnd()
Computations can be done while messages are in transition
by placing code between these two statements.
*/
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(A,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(A,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscLogStagePop();CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* A is symmetric. Set symmetric flag to enable ICC/Cholesky preconditioner */
ierr = MatSetOption(A,MAT_SYMMETRIC,PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Create parallel vectors.
- We form 1 vector from scratch and then duplicate as needed.
- When using VecCreate(), VecSetSizes and VecSetFromOptions()
in this example, we specify only the
vector's global dimension; the parallel partitioning is determined
at runtime.
- When solving a linear system, the vectors and matrices MUST
be partitioned accordingly. PETSc automatically generates
appropriately partitioned matrices and vectors when MatCreate()
and VecCreate() are used with the same communicator.
- The user can alternatively specify the local vector and matrix
dimensions when more sophisticated partitioning is needed
(replacing the PETSC_DECIDE argument in the VecSetSizes() statement
below).
*/
ierr = VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecSetSizes(u,PETSC_DECIDE,m*n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecSetFromOptions(u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDuplicate(u,&b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDuplicate(b,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Set exact solution; then compute right-hand-side vector.
By default we use an exact solution of a vector with all
elements of 1.0; Alternatively, using the runtime option
-random_sol forms a solution vector with random components.
*/
ierr = PetscOptionsGetBool(PETSC_NULL,"-random_exact_sol",&flg,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
if (flg) {
ierr = PetscRandomCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&rctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscRandomSetFromOptions(rctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecSetRandom(u,rctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscRandomDestroy(&rctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
} else {
ierr = VecSet(u,1.0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
}
ierr = MatMult(A,u,b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
View the exact solution vector if desired
*/
flg = PETSC_FALSE;
ierr = PetscOptionsGetBool(PETSC_NULL,"-view_exact_sol",&flg,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
if (flg) {ierr = VecView(u,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Create the linear solver and set various options
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
/*
Create linear solver context
*/
ierr = KSPCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Set operators. Here the matrix that defines the linear system
also serves as the preconditioning matrix.
*/
ierr = KSPSetOperators(ksp,A,A,DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Set linear solver defaults for this problem (optional).
- By extracting the KSP and PC contexts from the KSP context,
we can then directly call any KSP and PC routines to set
various options.
- The following two statements are optional; all of these
parameters could alternatively be specified at runtime via
KSPSetFromOptions(). All of these defaults can be
overridden at runtime, as indicated below.
*/
ierr = KSPSetTolerances(ksp,1.e-2/((m+1)*(n+1)),1.e-50,PETSC_DEFAULT,
PETSC_DEFAULT);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Set runtime options, e.g.,
-ksp_type <type> -pc_type <type> -ksp_monitor -ksp_rtol <rtol>
These options will override those specified above as long as
KSPSetFromOptions() is called _after_ any other customization
routines.
*/
ierr = KSPSetFromOptions(ksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solve the linear system
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = KSPSolve(ksp,b,x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Check solution and clean up
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
/*
Check the error
*/
ierr = VecAXPY(x,-1.0,u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecNorm(x,NORM_2,&norm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(ksp,&its);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Scale the norm */
/* norm *= sqrt(1.0/((m+1)*(n+1))); */
/*
Print convergence information. PetscPrintf() produces a single
print statement from all processes that share a communicator.
An alternative is PetscFPrintf(), which prints to a file.
*/
ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"Norm of error %A iterations %D\n",
norm,its);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Free work space. All PETSc objects should be destroyed when they
are no longer needed.
*/
ierr = KSPDestroy(&ksp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&u);CHKERRQ(ierr); ierr = VecDestroy(&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&b);CHKERRQ(ierr); ierr = MatDestroy(&A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Always call PetscFinalize() before exiting a program. This routine
- finalizes the PETSc libraries as well as MPI
- provides summary and diagnostic information if certain runtime
options are chosen (e.g., -log_summary).
*/
ierr = PetscFinalize();
return 0;
}
有人知道如何在示例中填充自己的矩阵吗？