regex - How to write a search pattern to include a space in findstr?

Question

I want to search all files in a certain directory for occurrences of statements such as

  Load frmXYZ

I am on Windows 7, using the findstr command. I tried:

  findstr /n Load.*frm *.*

But this gives me unwanted results such as:

 If ABCFormLoaded Then Unload frmPQR

So I tried to put a blankspace between Load and frm and gave the command like this:

 findstr /n Load frm *.*

But this simply searched for all occurrences of the word load or all occurrences of the word frm. How do I get around this problem?

Answer 1

如果您使用空格，则需要/C:将文字字符串传递给正则表达式选项的/R选项。
一旦它到达正则表达式，它就会被视为正则表达式。

也就是说，这是典型的 MS 垃圾。

使用两个正则表达式搜索字符串

最重要的是，您必须使用 2 个字符串来处理
Load frm开头的情况，如下所示：

• Load frm apples bananas carrots

或者在中间像这样：

• some other text Load frm and more.

没有字符类的版本

下面是用XP sp3，windows 7可能不一样，都是垃圾！

findstr /N /R /C:" *Load *frm" /C:"^Load *frm" test.txt

7:Load frm is ok    
8:    Load     frm is ok  

注意结肠

注意：其中的冒号/C:是必须的，才能正常工作。

如果您省略冒号，则findstr错误处理只是将/C其视为无效选项，忽略该无效选项并继续。导致意外和不需要的输出。

使用字符类的等效版本

findstr /N /R /C:"[ ][ ]*Load[ ][ ]*frm" /C:"^Load[ ][ ]*frm" test.txt

字符类分解

// The first regex search string breaks down like this:
[ ]   // require 1 space
[ ]*  // optional many spaces
Load  // literal 'Load'
[ ]   // require 1 space
[ ]*  // optional many spaces
frm   // literal 'frm'

// The second regex search string breaks down like this:
^     // beginning of line
Load  // literal 'Load'
[ ]   // require 1 space
[ ]*  // optional many spaces
frm   // literal 'frm'

一个真正的正则表达式可能是\bLoad\s+frm

Answer 2

使用/c选项：

findstr /n /c:"Load frm" *.*

从帮助（findstr /?）：

/C:string  Uses specified string as a literal search string.

Answer 3

使用单词分隔符正则表达式

我使用了特殊\<的“单词开头”正则表达式符号。

我在findstr的Win10版本上试过这个。但根据微软的说法，这个特殊\<符号findstr.exe自 WinXP 以来就一直存在。

许多在下面不起作用的选项的完整（和痛苦）分解。

在最底层：实际有效的方法。

示例文件本身

C:\>type lines.txt
Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
If ABCFormLoaded Then Unload frmPQR // This line should NOT match.
pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.
                                    // This blank line should NOT match.
LOAD FRMXYZ                         // This line should match.
IF ABCFORMLOADED THEN UNLOAD FRMPQR // This line should NOT match.
PEARS LOAD FRM GRAPES PINEAPPLES    // This line should match.
                                    // This blank line should NOT match.
load frmxyz                         // This line should match.
if abcformloaded then unload frmpqr // This line should NOT match.
pears load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.

错误的。常规执行空间被视为分隔符。

C:\>type lines.txt | findstr /N "Load frm"
1:Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
2:If ABCFormLoaded Then Unload frmPQR // This line should NOT match.
3:pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.
9:load frmxyz                         // This line should match.
10:if abcformloaded then unload frmpqr // This line should NOT match.
11:pears load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.

错误：使用 Regex 选项，空间仍被视为分隔符。

C:\>type lines.txt | findstr /N /R "Load frm"
1:Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
2:If ABCFormLoaded Then Unload frmPQR // This line should NOT match.
3:pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.
9:load frmxyz                         // This line should match.
10:if abcformloaded then unload frmpqr // This line should NOT match.
11:pears load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.    

更正确但仍然错误。使用 /C 选项，我们现在可以保留空格，但找不到其他字符大小写。

C:\>type lines.txt | findstr /N /R /C:"Load frm"
1:Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
3:pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.

错误的。/I 表示“忽略大小写”没有帮助。我们从我们不想要的单词中得到匹配。

C:\>type lines.txt | findstr /N /R /I /C:"Load frm"
1:Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
2:If ABCFormLoaded Then Unload frmPQR // This line should NOT match.
3:pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.
5:LOAD FRMXYZ                         // This line should match.
6:IF ABCFORMLOADED THEN UNLOAD FRMPQR // This line should NOT match.
7:PEARS LOAD FRM GRAPES PINEAPPLES    // This line should match.
9:load frmxyz                         // This line should match.
10:if abcformloaded then unload frmpqr // This line should NOT match.
11:pears load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.

正确的。使用特殊的“单词开头”正则表达式符号。匹配行首或空格。

区分大小写：

C:\>type lines.txt | findstr /N /R /C:"\<Load frm"
1:Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
3:pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.

或忽略大小写

C:\>type lines.txt | findstr /N /R /I /C:"\<Load frm"
1:Load frmXYZ                         // This line should match.
3:pears Load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.
5:LOAD FRMXYZ                         // This line should match.
7:PEARS LOAD FRM GRAPES PINEAPPLES    // This line should match.
9:load frmxyz                         // This line should match.
11:pears load frm grapes pineapples    // This line should match.

Answer 4

这段代码只允许关键字中的字母、数字、下划线和空格：

set /p keyword="Enter keyword: " || Set keyword=

set keyword_replaced=%keyword: =_%

echo %keyword_replaced%| findstr /r "[^0-9a-zA-Z_]" > nul
if errorlevel 1 goto noexit
echo special characters in keyword not allowed (except space and _), TERMINATING
timeout 4
exit /b 0
:noexit