我使用ggplot2, ggspatial和制作了地图sf。我使用ggspatial这样我就可以下载开源基础地图，而无需依赖 Google 并且需要 API 密钥。该ggspatial annotation_map_tile调用会下载一组提供基本地图的图块。我正在尝试将我感兴趣的州以外的地图涂白，以便底图仅显示在州内。
这是我的代码。dput对象的sf位于底部。当你运行它时，你会看到一张新墨西哥州的地图，上面有一条黑线勾勒出该州的轮廓。我想让地图在州外变成白色。
library(ggplot)
library(ggspatial)
library(sf)
ggplot() +
annotation_map_tile(zoom = 7, type = "hikebike") +
geom_sf(data = sf, fill = NA, color = "black", lwd = 2)
我尝试了两件事。首先，我虽然想以某种方式反转 fill 参数geom_sf，但不认为有办法做到这一点。我的另一个尝试是将所有州都包括在一个额外的geom_sf电话中并填充那些白色。这可能行得通，但它需要下载超过 4,000 个地图图块，我想避免这种情况，即使可以使用cachedir参数保存地图图块。
sf <- structure(list(GEOID = "35", geometry = structure(list(structure(list(
list(structure(c(-109.050044, -109.050173, -109.049843, -109.049813,
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31.332315, 31.332502), .Dim = c(401L, 2L)))), class = c("XY",
"MULTIPOLYGON", "sfg"))), class = c("sfc_MULTIPOLYGON", "sfc"
), precision = 0, bbox = structure(c(xmin = -109.050173, ymin = 31.332301,
xmax = -103.001964, ymax = 37.000232), class = "bbox"), crs = structure(list(
input = "EPSG:4326", wkt = "GEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,\n LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n AXIS[\"geodetic latitude (Lat)\",north,\n ORDER[1],\n ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n ORDER[2],\n ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n USAGE[\n SCOPE[\"Horizontal component of 3D system.\"],\n AREA[\"World.\"],\n BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],\n ID[\"EPSG\",4326]]"), class = "crs"), n_empty = 0L)), row.names = c(NA,
-1L), sf_column = "geometry", agr = structure(c(GEOID = NA_integer_), .Label = c("constant",
"aggregate", "identity"), class = "factor"), class = c("sf",
"tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))
