1

我有一个这样的字符串：

"ALARM_ID/I4=1010001 ALARM_STATE/U4=eventcode ALARM_TEXT/A=WMR_MAP_EXPORT LOTS/A[1]=[ STEFANO ] ALARM_STATE/U1=1 WAFER/U4=1 VI_KLARF_MAP/A=/test/klarf.map KLARF_STEPID/A=StepID KLARF_DEVICEID/A=DeviceID KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A=EquipmentID KLARF_SETUP_ID/A=SetupID RULE_ID/U4=1234 RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A=a < b && c > d RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A=1 < 0 && 2 > 3 RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A=FAIL TIMESTAMP/A=10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999"

我的目标是拆分成一个关联数组：

Array
(
    [ALARM_ID/I4] => 1010001
    [ALARM_STATE/U4] => eventcode
    [ALARM_TEXT/A] => WMR_MAP_EXPORT
    [LOTS/A[1]] => [ STEFANO ]
    [ALARM_STATE/U1] => 1
    [WAFER/U4] => 1
    [VI_KLARF_MAP/A] => /test/klarf.map
    [KLARF_STEPID/A] => StepID
    [KLARF_DEVICEID/A] => DeviceID
    [KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A] => EquipmentID
    [KLARF_SETUP_ID/A] => SetupID
    [RULE_ID/U4] => 1234
    [RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A] => a < b && c > d
    [RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A] => 1 < 0 && 2 > 3
    [RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A] => FAIL
    [TIMESTAMP/A] => 10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999
)

我发现的独特（但可能是肮脏的）方式是通过这个脚本：

<?php
$msg = "ALARM_ID/I4=1010001 ALARM_STATE/U4=eventcode ALARM_TEXT/A=WMR_MAP_EXPORT LOTS/A[1]=[ STEFANO ] ALARM_STATE/U1=1 WAFER/U4=1 VI_KLARF_MAP/A=/test/klarf.map KLARF_STEPID/A=StepID KLARF_DEVICEID/A=DeviceID KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A=EquipmentID KLARF_SETUP_ID/A=SetupID RULE_ID/U4=1234 RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A=a < b && c > d RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A=1 < 0 && 2 > 3 RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A=FAIL TIMESTAMP/A=10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999";
$split = explode("=", $msg);
foreach($split as $k => $s) {
    $s = explode(" ", $s);
    $keys[] = array_pop($s);
    if ($s) $values[] = implode(" ", $s);
}
/*
 * this is needed if last parameter TIMESTAMP does not have ' ' (spaces) into value
 */
if (count($values) + 2 == count($keys)) array_push($values, array_pop($keys));
else                                    $values[ count($values) - 1 ] .= " " . array_pop($keys);
$params = array_combine($keys, $values);
print_r($params);
?>

您是否看到使用正则表达式或不同（优雅？）方法来拆分它的更好方法？

4

3 回答 3

4

您可以利用 a/在所有键中的存在

([^\s=/]+/[^\s=]+)=(.*?)(?=\h+[^\s=/]+/|$)

解释

  • (捕获组 1
    • [^\s=/]+匹配 0+ 次除空格之外的任何字符=或/
    • /[^\s=]+然后匹配/，然后是其余的键
  • )关闭组 1
  • =从字面上匹配
  • (.*?)捕获组 2，尽可能匹配除换行符以外的任何字符
  • (?=\h+[^\s=/]+/|$)断言包含 a 的格式的键/ （如第 1 组中使用的）

查看Regex 演示和Php 演示。

示例代码

$re = '`([^\s=/]+/[^\s=]+)=(.*?)(?=\h+[^\s=/]+/|$)`';
$str = 'ALARM_ID/I4=1010001 ALARM_STATE/U4=eventcode ALARM_TEXT/A=WMR_MAP_EXPORT LOTS/A[1]=[ STEFANO ] ALARM_STATE/U1=1 WAFER/U4=1 VI_KLARF_MAP/A=/test/klarf.map KLARF_STEPID/A=StepID KLARF_DEVICEID/A=DeviceID KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A=EquipmentID KLARF_SETUP_ID/A=SetupID RULE_ID/U4=1234 RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A=a < b && c > d RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A=1 < 0 && 2 > 3 RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A=FAIL TIMESTAMP/A=10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999
';

preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches);
$result = array_combine($matches[1], $matches[2]);

print_r($result);

输出

Array
(
    [ALARM_ID/I4] => 1010001
    [ALARM_STATE/U4] => eventcode
    [ALARM_TEXT/A] => WMR_MAP_EXPORT
    [LOTS/A[1]] => [ STEFANO ]
    [ALARM_STATE/U1] => 1
    [WAFER/U4] => 1
    [VI_KLARF_MAP/A] => /test/klarf.map
    [KLARF_STEPID/A] => StepID
    [KLARF_DEVICEID/A] => DeviceID
    [KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A] => EquipmentID
    [KLARF_SETUP_ID/A] => SetupID
    [RULE_ID/U4] => 1234
    [RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A] => a < b && c > d
    [RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A] => 1 < 0 && 2 > 3
    [RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A] => FAIL
    [TIMESTAMP/A] => 10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999
)

如果键都应以由下划线分隔的单词字符开头，则可以使用重复部分开始模式[^\W_]+(?:_[^\W_]+)*

它将匹配除 a 之外的单词字符_，然后重复匹配_后跟单词字符 except_直到它到达 a/

([^\W_]+(?:_[^\W_]+)*/[^\s=]*)=(.*?)(?=\h+[^\s=/]+/|$)

正则表达式演示

于 2020-11-11T08:53:11.160 回答
3

保持准确性的重要事情是确保“键”正确匹配。

键字符串永远不会包含空格或等号。值字符串可能包含任何一个。值字符串将运行到字符串的末尾或后跟一个空格，然后是下一个键（可能没有任何空格或等号）。

关键字符串可以在第一次遇到之前“贪婪地”匹配=。

值字符串不能贪婪匹配。这确保了该值不会过度扩展到下一个键值对。

值字符串后的前瞻确保潜在的后续键不被损坏/消耗。

模式细分：

([^=]+)      #capture one ore more non-equals sign (greedily) and store as capture group #1
=            #match but do not capture an equals sign
(.+?)        #capture one or more of any non-newline character (giving back when possible / non-greedy) and store as capture group #2
(?=          #start lookahead
  $          #match the end of the string
  |          #OR operator
   [^ =]+=   #match space, then one or more non-space and non-equals characters, then match equals sign
)            #end lookahead

代码：（演示）

$msg = "ALARM_ID/I4=1010001 ALARM_STATE/U4=eventcode ALARM_TEXT/A=WMR_MAP_EXPORT LOTS/A[1]=[ STEFANO ] ALARM_STATE/U1=1 WAFER/U4=1 VI_KLARF_MAP/A=/test/klarf.map KLARF_STEPID/A=StepID KLARF_DEVICEID/A=DeviceID KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A=EquipmentID KLARF_SETUP_ID/A=SetupID RULE_ID/U4=1234 RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A=a < b && c > d RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A=1 < 0 && 2 > 3 RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A=FAIL TIMESTAMP/A=10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999";

preg_match_all('~([^=]+)=(.+?)(?=$| [^ =]+=)~', $msg, $out);
var_export(array_combine($out[1], $out[2]));

输出：

array (
  'ALARM_ID/I4' => '1010001',
  'ALARM_STATE/U4' => 'eventcode',
  'ALARM_TEXT/A' => 'WMR_MAP_EXPORT',
  'LOTS/A[1]' => '[ STEFANO ]',
  'ALARM_STATE/U1' => '1',
  'WAFER/U4' => '1',
  'VI_KLARF_MAP/A' => '/test/klarf.map',
  'KLARF_STEPID/A' => 'StepID',
  'KLARF_DEVICEID/A' => 'DeviceID',
  'KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A' => 'EquipmentID',
  'KLARF_SETUP_ID/A' => 'SetupID',
  'RULE_ID/U4' => '1234',
  'RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A' => 'a < b && c > d',
  'RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A' => '1 < 0 && 2 > 3',
  'RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A' => 'FAIL',
  'TIMESTAMP/A' => '10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999',
)
于 2020-11-11T09:02:51.110 回答
1

我使用基本的 PHP 函数管理了这段代码。我认为正则表达式会使代码更难阅读。大多数时候，即使以拥有更冗长的代码为代价，最好不要使用正则表达式。也可能会对性能产生影响。

$message = "ALARM_ID/I4=1010001 ALARM_STATE/U4=eventcode ALARM_TEXT/A=WMR_MAP_EXPORT LOTS/A[1]=[ STEFANO ] ALARM_STATE/U1=1 WAFER/U4=1 VI_KLARF_MAP/A=/test/klarf.map KLARF_STEPID/A=StepID KLARF_DEVICEID/A=DeviceID KLARF_EQUIPMENTID/A=EquipmentID KLARF_SETUP_ID/A=SetupID RULE_ID/U4=1234 RULE_FORMULA_EXPRESSION/A=a < b && c > d RULE_FORMULA_TEXT/A=1 < 0 && 2 > 3 RULE_FORMULA_RESULT/A=FAIL TIMESTAMP/A=10-Nov-2020 09:10:11 99999999";

foreach (explode(' ', $message) as $word) {
    if (strpos($word, '=')) {
        if (isset($key)) $parameters[$key] = $value; 
        list($key, $value) = explode('=', $word);
    }
    else $value .= " $word";
}    
$parameters[$key] = $value;     

echo '<pre>';
print_r($parameters);
echo '</pre>';

我选择在空格上进行拆分，然后查找=字符以找到其中带有键的单词。

当然，还有其他方法可以做到这一点，但由于消息的奇怪格式，所有方法都会涉及一些额外的工作。

此例程目前不容忍消息字符串中的错误，但可以轻松扩展它以容忍各种类型的输入错误。

于 2020-11-11T08:39:22.993 回答