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我从这个 SQL 代码中得到了一些错误。我正在制作一个模拟数据库以供练习。我查看了一些解决方法，并重做了几次代码。

一切都是按顺序创建的（我相信）。任何帮助都会很棒！我是否引用了不正确的表格/列？我是否引用了不应该引用的不同数据类型？

这是我得到的错误：

消息 547，级别 16，状态 0，第 186 行
INSERT 语句与 FOREIGN KEY 约束“fk_bookid”冲突。冲突发生在数据库“db_City_Library”、表“dbo.Books”、列“BookID”中。

消息 547，级别 16，状态 0，第 63 行
ALTER TABLE 语句与 FOREIGN KEY 约束“fk_publisher_name_books”冲突。数据库“db_City_Library”、表“dbo.Publisher”中发生冲突，

代码：

CREATE DATABASE db_City_Library
USE db_City_Library

CREATE TABLE Library_Branch 
(
    BranchID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
    BranchName varchar(100) NOT NULL,
    BranchAddress varchar(100)
);

CREATE TABLE Book_Copies 
(
    BookID INT NOT NULL,--FK Done
    BranchID INT NOT NULL, --FK DONE
    Number_Of_Copies INT NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Books 
(
    BookID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY (10000, 1),
    Title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    PublisherName VARCHAR(100) --FK Done
);

CREATE TABLE Book_Authors 
(
    BookID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT fk_book_id REFERENCES Books(BookID) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    AuthorName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Publisher 
(
    PublisherName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    Address VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    Phone VARCHAR(15)
);

-- all code above executed

-- Customer information tables
CREATE TABLE Borrower 
(
    CardNo INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY (100, 1),
    Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    Address VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    Phone VARCHAR (15) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Book_Loans 
(
    BookID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT fk_bookid REFERENCES Books(BookID) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    BranchID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT fk_branch_id REFERENCES Library_Branch(BranchID) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CardNo INT NOt NULL CONSTRAINT fk_card_no REFERENCES Borrower(CardNo) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    DateOut DATE NOT NULL,
    DateIn DATE NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE Book_Copies
    ADD CONSTRAINT fk_branch_id_book_copies 
    FOREIGN KEY (BranchID) REFERENCES Library_Branch(BranchID) 
            ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE Book_Copies
    ADD CONSTRAINT fk_book_ID_book_copies 
    FOREIGN KEY (BookID) REFERENCES Books(BookID) 
            ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;

ALTER TABLE Books
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_publisher_name_books
    FOREIGN KEY (PublisherName) REFERENCES Publisher(PublisherName) 
            ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;

INSERT INTO Library_Branch (BranchName, BranchAddress)
VALUES ('Sharpstown', '121 Sharpstown Blvd'),
       ('Randolph', '17 Tamari Court'),
       ('Waterbury', '46 Henry Hough Rd'),
       ('Stowe', '192 Thomas Lane'),
       ('Burlington', '142 South Winooski Ave'),
       ('South Burlington', '190 South Willard Ave');

SELECT * FROM Publisher

INSERT INTO Borrower (Name, Address, Phone)
VALUES ('John Doe', '12 Thatplace place', '973-598-5837'),
       ('Justin Doughnut', '91 Thisplace place', '973-598-5832'),
       ('Jennifer Dee', '64 Programmer ave', '973-598-5981'),
       ('Katy Perry', '12 Thisandthatplace rd', '973-598-5837'),
       ('Louie Labrador', '75 State Route 109', '971-528-5997'),
       ('Susana Lander', '36 whoknows place', '575-555-9090'),
       ('Chee Mann', '90 Whoknows plaza', '802-253-9090'),
       ('Johnny Dee', '12 1st ave', '878-889-1010');

INSERT INTO Publisher (PublisherName, Address, Phone)
VALUES ('Pottermore Publishing', 'London, UK', '1-800-888-9087'),
       ('Bantam Spectra', 'New York, NY', '212-518-9090'),
       ('Scribner', 'New York, NY', '212-345-9090'),
       ('Allen & Unwin', 'Crows Nest, AU', '1-800-909-9813'),
       ('Penguin Random House', 'New York, NY', '1-800-733-3000'),
       ('Hatchette Livre', 'Paris France', '1-800-759-0190'),
       ('HarperCollins', 'New York, NY', '1-800-242-7737'),
       ('MacMillan Publishers', 'New York, NY', '1-800-901-9876'),
       ('Simon & Schuster', 'New York, NY', '1-866-506-1949'),
       ('McGraw-Hill Education', 'New York, NY', '1-800-338-3987');

SELECT * FROM Publisher;
SELECT* FROM Books

INSERT INTO Books (Title, PublisherName)
VALUES ('Harry Potter and the Halfblood Prince', 'Pottermore Publishing'),
       ('Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban', 'Pottermore Publishing'),
       ('Fire & Blood', 'Bantam Spectra'),
       ('A song of Ice and Fire', 'Bantam Spectra'),
       ('It', 'Scribner'),
       ('The Outsider', 'Scribner'),
       ('Different Seasons', 'Scribner'),
       ('The Hobbit', 'Allen & Unwin'),
       ('The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring', 'Allen & Unwin'),
       ('The Lord of the Rings: The Twin Towers', 'Allen & Unwin'),
       ('The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King', 'Allen & Unwin'),
       ('The Guardians', 'Penguin Random House'),
       ('Talking to Strangers', 'Hachette Livre'),
       ('On the Come Up', 'HarperCollins'),
       ('Me', 'MacMillan Publishers'),
       ('The Institute', 'Simon & Schuster'),
       ('SAT/ACT Prep Book', 'McGraw-Hill Education'),
       ('Sleeping Beauties', 'Scribner'),
       ('Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone', 'Pottermore Publishing'),
       ('Howerd Stern Comes Again', 'Simon & Schuster');

INSERT INTO Books (Title, PublisherName)
VALUES ('The Lost Tribe', 'Hatchette Livre');

SELECT * FROM Book_Authors
SELECT * FROM Books

INSERT INTO Book_Authors (BookID, AuthorName)
VALUES (10000, 'J.K. Rawling'),
       (10001, 'J.K. Rawling'),
       (10002, 'George R.R. Martin'),
       (10003, 'George R.R. Martin'),
       (10004, 'Stephen King'),
       (10005, 'Stephen King'),
       (10007, 'J. R. R. Tolkein'),
       (10008, 'J. R. R. Tolkein'),
       (10009, 'J. R. R. Tolkein'),
       (10010, 'J. R. R. Tolkein');

SELECT * FROM Book_Copies
SELECT* FROM Books
SELECT * FROM Library_Branch

INSERT INTO Book_Copies (BookID, BranchID, Number_Of_Copies)
VALUES (10002, 1, 4), (10004, 2, 2), (10001, 1, 6),
       (10005, 3, 3), (10001, 2, 3), (10007, 2, 2), 
       (10007, 3, 2), (10007, 4, 2), (10007, 5, 2),
       (10008, 3, 2), (10009, 4, 2), (10010, 5, 2),
       (10010, 6, 2), (10007, 1, 2);

SELECT * FROM Books
SELECT * FROM Library_Branch
SELECT * FROM Borrower

INSERT INTO Book_Loans (BookID, BranchID, CardNo, DateOut, DateIn)
VALUES (1000, 1, 101, '2020-04-21', '2020-05-21'),
       (1002, 2, 100, '2020-03-12', '2020-04-12'),
       (1000, 3, 102, '2020-04-01', '2020-05-01'),
       (1000, 1, 101, '2020-05-02', '2020-06-02'),
       (1000, 1, 104, '2020-05-20', '2020-06-20'),
       (1000, 5, 107, '2020-05-20', '2020-06-20'),
       (1000, 6, 105, '2020-04-17', '2020-05-17'),
       (1000, 3, 102, '2020-06-01', '2020-07-01'),
       (1000, 4, 102, '2020-01-01', '2020-02-01'),
       (1000, 3, 107, '2020-05-22', '2020-06-22');
4

2 回答 2

0

您的脚本很容易出错。如果您自己生成脚本，我建议您始终按照以下顺序运行脚本。

  1. 创建表 DDL 脚本。在 CREATE TABLE 脚本中内嵌检查约束
  2. 主键约束 DDL 脚本。更改表...添加约束...主键...
  3. 外键约束 DDL 脚本。ALTER TABLE ... 添加约束 ... 外键 ... 参考 ...
  4. 为父表插入 DML 脚本。子表引用的数据。
  5. 为子表插入 DML 脚本。依赖于父表数据的数据。

通过上述方法，您可以在创建它们时避免 PK、FK 错误 (DDL) 并避免子表中的 FK 错误 (DML)

于 2020-06-08T03:41:15.177 回答
0

SQL 在你想学的时候真的很容易学！（我看到你的语法是= sql，如果我错了，请纠正我哈哈）

我看到你得到了这些错误，因为你确实做了约束。
要解决此问题，您可以将ALTER TABLE tableName NOCHECK CONSTRAINT constraintName用于特定约束或ALTER TABLE tableName NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL所有约束。

您可以再次通过ALTER TABLE tableName WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT constraintName特定约束或ALTER TABLE tableName WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL所有约束启用它们。

我确实为您在 SQLFIDDLE 中为您重新编写了上述所有内容......我只使用上面的方法为您解决了第一个问题......因为您想学习，所以我没有触及其他问题。如果您遇到困难，请告诉我，以便我可以帮助您解决卡住的问题。
DBFiddle Link

这将是简单的解决方案，而不是长期的解决方案
如果您想要一个长期的解决方案，请等待我在下面的编辑：

更新 #1 第一个固定问题

-- Update: #1 You are making PublisherName PK = UNIQUE so it can't be listed more than one time
CREATE TABLE Publisher (
PublisherName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, --PRIMARY KEY,
Address VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Phone VARCHAR(15)
);

所以你需要在这里做的是；

  1. 选择另一个 PK/从 PublisherName 中删除 PK
  2. 不要使用同一个发布者，这显然不是最佳选择...

    DBFiddle with update 1

更新 2
因此fk_publisher_name_books约束将不再起作用，因为 publisher_name 不再是 PK/唯一。所以我们需要找出一个唯一的...
我们可以在地址和电话之间进行选择。我确实选择了手机，因为每部手机=一个独特的出版商。我确实将约束更改为fk_phone_books并更改了 FK 和引用。
如果我们不改变桌书的结构，那还没有完成；

CREATE TABLE Books (
    BookID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(10000,1),
    Title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    PublisherName VARCHAR(100), --FK not good :(
    Phone VARCHAR (15) NOT NULL --FK done right :P
    );


带有 Update2 的新 DBFiddle

结论
我想花更多时间来解决这些问题，但据我所知，您需要重写数据库的体系结构。
做一个实体关系图，看看什么是PK，什么是FK。
首先制作 ERD 比编写/创建数据库/表要好得多，然后会出现大量错误并搜索错误的 PK 和 FK ^^

于 2020-06-08T00:13:35.607 回答