python - Seaborn 图具有多个子图和每个子图的多个 y 轴

Question

绘制时twinx如何使用多个子图？

%pylab inline
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns; sns.set()

df = pd.DataFrame({'dt':['2020-01-01', '2020-01-02', '2020-01-03', '2020-01-04'], 'category':['a', 'b', 'a', 'b'], 'foo':[10, 15, 8, 13], 'bar':[12, 8, 5, 18]})
df['dt'] = pd.to_datetime(df['dt'])

ax = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='foo', data=df, hue='category')
ax.set_ylabel('asdf', fontsize=28)
ax.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
plt.legend(fontsize='x-large')
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles=handles[1:], labels=labels[1:], fontsize='large', loc='lower left')
plt.xticks(rotation=90, horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=28)
plt.xlabel('')
plt.yticks(fontsize=16)

ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='bar', data=df, ax=ax2, color='green')
plt.yticks(fontsize=16)
ax2.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
ax2.set_ylabel('ratio', fontsize=28)

plt.axvline(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'),color='k', linestyle='--', lw=4)
plt.text(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'), y=10, s=' foo-the-bar  ', fontsize=28, horizontalalignment='left')
plt.show()


d2 = pd.DataFrame({'dt':['2020-01-01', '2020-01-02', '2020-01-03', '2020-01-04'], 'category':['a', 'b', 'a', 'b'],'foo':[11, 16, 8, 14], 'bar':[11, 7, 4, 17]})
d2['dt'] = pd.to_datetime(d2['dt'])

ax = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='foo', data=d2, hue='category')
ax.set_ylabel('something else', fontsize=28)
ax.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
plt.legend(fontsize='x-large')
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles=handles[1:], labels=labels[1:], fontsize='large', loc='lower left')
plt.xticks(rotation=90, horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=28)
plt.xlabel('')
plt.yticks(fontsize=16)
plt.axvline(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'),color='k', linestyle='--', lw=4)
plt.text(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'), y=10, s=' foo-the-bar  ', fontsize=28, horizontalalignment='left')


ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='bar', data=d2, ax=ax2, color='green')
plt.yticks(fontsize=16)
ax2.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
ax2.set_ylabel('ratio', fontsize=28)
plt.show()

它或多或少很好。但是，当添加子图以将多个测量值组合成一个共享 x 轴的图形（即节省空间并一遍又一遍地写入日期）时，以下内容无法正常工作并完全扭曲了情节

ax0 = plt.subplot(211)
ax2 = ax0.twinx()
ax3 = plt.subplot(212)
ax4 = ax3.twinx()

ax = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='foo', data=df, hue='category', ax=ax0)
ax.set_ylabel('asdf', fontsize=28)
ax.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
plt.legend(fontsize='x-large')
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles=handles[1:], labels=labels[1:], fontsize='large', loc='lower left')
plt.xticks(rotation=90, horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=28)
plt.xlabel('')
plt.yticks(fontsize=16)
plt.axvline(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'),color='k', linestyle='--', lw=4)
plt.text(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'), y=10, s=' foo-the-bar  ', fontsize=28, horizontalalignment='left')


#ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='bar', data=df, ax=ax2, color='green')
plt.yticks(fontsize=16)
ax2.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
ax2.set_ylabel('ratio', fontsize=28)
plt.show()


# TODO second plot is missing

Answer 1

尝试混合面向对象的语法和 pyplot接口时总是会出现问题。

pyplot 函数( plt.XXX) 仅影响当前轴（通常是最新创建的，在您的情况下ax4）。当您有多个轴时，通常最好使用 OO 函数，这样您正在处理的轴就不会产生歧义。

此外，您可能希望通过tight_layout()代码末尾的 a 来自动调整轴的位置，以便为标签提供足够的空间

plt.figure()
ax0 = plt.subplot(211)
ax2 = ax0.twinx()
ax3 = plt.subplot(212)
ax4 = ax3.twinx()

ax = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='foo', data=df, hue='category', ax=ax0)
ax.set_ylabel('asdf', fontsize=28)
ax.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles=handles[1:], labels=labels[1:], fontsize='large', loc='lower left')
ax.set_xticklabels(ax.get_xticklabels(), rotation=90, horizontalalignment='center', fontsize=28)
ax.set_xlabel('')
ax.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=16)
ax.axvline(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'),color='k', linestyle='--', lw=4)
ax.text(x=np.datetime64('2020-01-02'), y=10, s=' foo-the-bar  ', fontsize=28, horizontalalignment='left')


#ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2 = sns.lineplot(x='dt', y='bar', data=df, ax=ax2, color='green')
ax2.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=16)
ax2.plot([], '-g', label = 'other axis in legend')
ax2.set_ylabel('ratio', fontsize=28)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()