2

我有以下数据图。

@prefix hr: <http://learningsparql.com/ns/humanResources#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix sch: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

hr:Another a rdfs:Class .

hr:Employee a rdfs:Class ;
    rdfs:label "model" ;
    rdfs:comment "a good employee" .

hr:Longer a hr:Employee ;
    rdfs:label "model" ;
    rdfs:comment "a good employee" .

hr:freestanding a rdf:Property ;
    sch:rangeIncludes sch:Text .

hr:missing rdfs:comment "some comment about missing" .

hr:name a rdf:Property ;
    sch:domainIncludes hr:Employee .

hr:nosuper a rdf:Property ;
    sch:domainIncludes hr:Uncreated ;
    sch:rangeIncludes sch:Text .

hr:randomtype a hr:invalidtype ;
    rdfs:label "some label about randomtype" ;
    rdfs:comment "some comment about randomtype" .

hr:typo a rdfs:Classs ;
    rdfs:label "some label about typo" ;
    rdfs:comment "some comment about typo" .

我试图了解这两个形状图之间的区别，我认为（错误地！）应该返回相同的结果...... hr:typo、hr:randomtype 和 hr:missing 的验证错误，因为没有 rdf:type rdfs:Class 或 rdf:Property 的属性路径。

以下形状图会产生预期的验证错误。

(A)——好成绩

            @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
            @prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
            @prefix sch:  <http://schema.org/> .
            @prefix sh:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
            @prefix ex:   <http://example.org/> .

            ex:ClassShape
                a sh:NodeShape ;

                sh:property [
                    sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ];
                    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
                    sh:hasValue rdfs:Class;
                    sh:message "class" ;
                ] .

            ex:PropertyShape
                a sh:NodeShape ;

                sh:property [
                    sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ];
                    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
                    sh:hasValue rdf:Property;
                    sh:message "property" ;
                ] .

            ex:ClassOrProperty
                a sh:NodeShape ;
                sh:target [
                    a sh:SPARQLTarget ;
                    sh:select   """
                                SELECT ?this
                                WHERE {
                                    ?this ?p ?o .
                                }
                                """ ;
                ] ;

                sh:or (
                    ex:ClassShape
                    ex:PropertyShape
                );
            .

(A) 产生的良好和预期的验证错误是：

Validation Report
Conforms: False
Results (3):
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: ex:ClassOrProperty
    Focus Node: hr:randomtype
    Value Node: hr:randomtype
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: ex:ClassOrProperty
    Focus Node: hr:typo
    Value Node: hr:typo
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: ex:ClassOrProperty
    Focus Node: hr:missing
    Value Node: hr:missing

但是，这个形状图：

(B) -- 不好的结果

                    @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
                    @prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
                    @prefix sch:  <http://schema.org/> .
                    @prefix sh:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
                    @prefix ex:  <http://example.org/> .

                    ex:ClassOrProperty
                        a sh:NodeShape ;
                        sh:target [
                            a sh:SPARQLTarget ;
                            sh:select   """
                                        SELECT ?this
                                        WHERE {
                                            ?this ?p ?o .
                                        }
                                        """ ;
                        ] ;

                        sh:property [
                            sh:path     [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ;
                            sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
                            sh:or (
                                [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class;   ]
                                [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property; ]
                            )
                        ];
                    .

不会只产生预期的验证错误。我得到：

Validation Report
Conforms: False
Results (12):
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:freestanding
    Value Node: hr:freestanding
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:name
    Value Node: hr:name
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Another
    Value Node: hr:Another
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:nosuper
    Value Node: hr:nosuper
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Employee
    Value Node: hr:Employee
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:randomtype
    Value Node: hr:randomtype
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:randomtype
    Value Node: hr:invalidtype
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:typo
    Value Node: hr:typo
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:typo
    Value Node: rdfs:Classs
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:missing
    Value Node: hr:missing
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Longer
    Value Node: hr:Employee
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Longer
    Value Node: hr:Longer
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]

为什么结果不一样？

我之所以喜欢 (B) 而不是 (A) 是因为如果它有效的话，它会更简洁。

pySHACL和TopBraid SHACL API shaclvalidate.sh都同意结果。

4

1 回答 1

1

了解属性路径的工作原理很重要。路径用于达到值。在使用sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:path]和考虑节点hr:Longer时，它将达到三个值—— (0) hr:Longer、 (1)hr:Employee和 (2) rdfs:Class。

牢牢记住这个概念，可以充分解释（B）中发生的事情以及为什么它不起作用。

(A) 和 (B) 都具有相同的目标定义，并将返回相同的焦点节点。这些是：

hr:Another 
hr:Employee
hr:Longer   
hr:freestanding
hr:missing
hr:name      
hr:nosuper
hr:randomtype
hr:typo

此外，(A) 和 (B) 的共同点是sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ;。例如，在考虑 nodehr:Longer时，它​​将发出三个值，每个值都可能需要检查。这三个值是 (0) hr:Longer、 (1)hr:Employee和 (2) rdfs:Class。

对于 (B)，当它考虑hr:Longer并将发出的值传递hr:Longer给 时sh:or，它发现它既不是 a 也不rdfs:Class是rdf:Property。sh:or由于两个子句都不满足，因此发出验证错误。

为了使 (B) 起作用，sh:or需要将两个子句更改为[ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdfs:Class; ]and [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdf:Property; ]。在这种情况下，当hr:Longer传入时sh:or，每个子句都会检查整个路径，并且sh:hasValue只要求路径发出的三个值之一匹配。

(B) - 工作

@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix sch:  <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix sh:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix ex:  <http://example.org/> .

ex:ClassOrProperty
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:target [
        a sh:SPARQLTarget ;
        sh:select   """
                    SELECT ?this
                    WHERE {
                        ?this ?p ?o .
                    }
                    """ ;
    ] ;

    sh:property [
        sh:path     [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
        sh:or (
            [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdfs:Class;   ]
            [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdf:Property; ]
        )
    ];
.

现在考虑 (A)，每个焦点节点都传递给ex:PropertyShape和ex:ClassShape。如果它针对其中一种形状进行验证，它将验证。两种形状的相似之处在于它们都使用路径sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ];。因为它们使用sh:hasValue，所以只有一个发出的路径值需要匹配。再次考虑hr:Longer，因为路径会发出 value rdfs:Class，所以它会进行验证ex:ClassShape并且不会产生验证错误。

于 2020-04-22T18:09:03.767 回答