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我陷入了一个奇怪的境地，我必须与 Django 一起使用 oracle 数据库。在开始之前，我想提一下我从 docker 容器中运行数据库。

我偶然发现的问题是，即使数据库已启动并正在运行，我还是初始化了与 DataGrip 的连接，当涉及到 Django 时它工作得很好，一切都崩溃了。

这就是我在 Django 中配置数据库的方式

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.oracle',
            'NAME': 'localhost:1521/ORCLCDB.LOCALDOMAIN',
            'USER': 'terkea',
            'PASSWORD': 'test',
    }
}

但是当我跑步时

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

它抛出了这个错误

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 365, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 335, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 200, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 117, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)      
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 250, in apply_migration
    self.recorder.record_applied(migration.app_label, migration.name)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 71, in record_applied
    self.migration_qs.create(app=app, name=name)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 417, in create
    obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 729, in save
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 759, in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 842, in _save_table
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 880, in _do_insert
    using=using, raw=raw)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1125, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1292, in execute_sql
    return self.connection.ops.fetch_returned_insert_id(cursor)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\oracle\operations.py", line 228, in fetch_returned_insert_id
    return int(cursor._insert_id_var.getvalue())
TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list'

是的，我已经看到更多的人有与我类似的问题。他们建议尝试使用--fake-initial，但结果是一样的。我注意到的另一件事是，在您第一次运行前面提到的命令后，DJANGO_CONTENT_TYPE and DJANGO_MIGRATIONS表格将在数据库中弹出。然后，如果您再次运行迁移命令，则会弹出另一个错误说

$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 83, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\oracle\base.py", line 500, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, self._param_generator(params))
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 365, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 335, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 200, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 117, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)      
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
    state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\migration.py", line 122, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\operations\models.py", line 92, in database_forwards
    schema_editor.create_model(model)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 314, in create_model
    self.execute(sql, params or None)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 133, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers      
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 83, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Users\Terkea\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\oracle\base.py", line 500, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, self._param_generator(params))
django.db.utils.DatabaseError: ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

有没有人找到解决办法？因为我到处找了一整天，但找不到任何可靠的修补程序。

4

2 回答 2

0

我不会说 Python，但是这个：

在您第一次运行前面提到的命令后，DJANGO_CONTENT_TYPE 和 DJANGO_MIGRATIONS 表将在数据库中弹出。然后，如果您再次运行迁移命令，则会弹出另一个错误说 (...) ORA-00955

意思是

  • 您运行的过程连接到 Oracle 数据库并在某些用户的模式中创建某些对象（那些将是“弹出的表”）
  • 它在您第一次运行时成功，因为架构为空

  • 但是，当您第二次运行它时，我认为它包含类似

    create table dept (deptno number primary key, 
                   dname varchar2(20));
create table emp  (empno number, 
                   deptno number constraint fkd references dept (deptno),
                   ename varchar2(20));

    由于这些表已经存在，Oracle 抱怨 ORA-00955 意味着

ORA-00955: 名称已被现有对象使用

该怎么办？一种选择是在脚本开头删除所有对象。注意可能的外键约束（即先丢弃孩子，然后是父母），例如

drop table emp;        --> drop it first as it references DEPT
drop table dept;       
create table dept (...);
create table emp  (...);

可能更简单的选择是删除整个用户并重新创建它。这会起作用，但是 - 如果该用户的对象在其他地方使用（提示：授予），您可能会破坏某些东西。不过，我不认为这是这种情况。

或者，当然，首先重命名对象，以便您可以创建新对象。我想这个选项不太可能。

于 2020-03-10T21:32:47.927 回答
0

您所要做的就是转到您的环境文件夹并打开此文件“lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\oracle\base.py”并在 DatabaseWrapper 类下将所有“NVARCHAR”数据类型更改为“VARCHAR” . 编辑后删除所有迁移并执行迁移和迁移。这些对我有用。希望这些对你也有用。

于 2021-09-11T05:06:43.393 回答