python - 逆傅立叶不清晰数据

Question

我目前正在尝试计算已知函数的逆傅立叶。不幸的是 np.fft.ifft() 函数没有显示我正在寻找的结果。由于我不确定错误发生在哪里，我构建了一个已知问题并遇到了类似的错误。傅里叶函数是 1/(1+x^2)，这个函数的逆傅里叶是 a*exp(-|k|)。有一个常数。从图中可以看出，通过 np.fft.ifft() 函数生成的数据与实际数据相同。但我不知道为什么。

谢谢你的时间

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

X=np.arange(-0.6,0.6,0.00001)
original_FT=[]
FT_known_result=[]
for x_val in X:
    original_FT.append(1/(1 + x_val**2))
    FT_known_result.append(np.exp(-abs(x_val)))


FT_test_list=np.fft.ifftshift(original_FT)



plt.figure()
plt.plot(X,FT_test_list,label='FT calc ifft')
plt.plot(X,FT_known_result,label='real FT')
plt.plot(X,original_FT,label="orginal data")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Answer 1

以下所有内容都在 Jupyter 笔记本中完成。我没有重做洛伦兹的分析 FT，所以那里可能有错误。我假设以下是正确的：

$$ FT  \left(  \frac{1}{\pi \Delta f} \frac{1} {1 + (\frac{f}{\Delta f})^2} \right)  = e^{ 2 \pi \Delta f |t|} $$

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as p
%matplotlib inline


start,stop,num=-.5,.5,1000
t=np.linspace(start,stop,num)    # stop-start= 1.0 sec, inverse is frequency resolution , i.e 1 Hz
dt=(stop-start)/num        
print(f'time interval:  {dt} secs')     # will be 1 millisecond, inverse is frequency span i.e -500 Hz to +500 Hz

freq = np.fft.fftfreq(num,dt)
# print(freq)   #  0..499, -500.. -1  # unshifted; that can be useful, you don't need to shift to get the plots right
freq2 =  np.fft.fftshift(freq)
# print(freq2)    #  -500.. 0 .. 499    # we need the shift because you want to compare a spectrum = f (frequency)         
print(f'freq interval :  {freq2[1] - freq2[0]}  Hz')                 
# in numpy , given the time and frequency vectors we just made it is easy to get a function filled w/o a for loop
# let's assume that original_FT is a spectrum as is typical for a Lorentzian

df=5  # width of lorentzian

ori= 1/np.pi /df /(1 + (freq2/(df ))**2)   # a lorentzian of variable width, FT of bisided exponential
print(f'integral over lorentzian {np.sum(ori):.3f}') 
analytical= np.exp(-abs(t*df*2*np.pi ))     # a bisided exponential  (the envelope of a time dependency), 
                                    # the width has to be inversely proportional to the width of the Lorentzian
computed= np.abs(np.fft.fftshift(np.fft.fft(ori))) 


p.figure(figsize=(10,4))
p.subplot(131)
p.plot(freq2,ori,label="orginal spectral data")
p.xlabel('frequencies/Hz')
p.title('freq. domain')
p.legend()

p.subplot(132)
p.plot(t ,analytical ,label='real FT')
p.plot(t ,computed ,label='calc ifft')
p.xlabel('time/secs')
p.title('time domain')
p.legend()

p.subplot(133)
p.plot(t[490:510],analytical[490:510],'.-',label='real FT')
p.plot(t[490:510],computed[490:510],'.-',label='calc ifft')
p.xlabel('time/secs')
p.title('zoomed in')
p.legend();