r - 具有聚集列的 ggplot2

Question

我正在尝试绘制我的数据并像 Excel 的可视化一样展示。

测试数据如下：

# test
yq         colA_1      colA_2    colB_1      colB_2
2014 Q1    1.072513    1.026764  0.07251283  0.026764360
2014 Q2    1.097670    1.037183  0.06731060  0.024912609
2014 Q3    1.111137    1.039893  0.06478415  0.022297469
2014 Q4    1.126760    1.042039  0.06510137  0.018822622
2015 Q1    1.143480    1.043719  0.06616912  0.016513022
2015 Q2    1.169457    1.053273  0.06539907  0.015513867
2015 Q3    1.183965    1.056728  0.06554381  0.016189236
2015 Q4    1.193858    1.059065  0.05954961  0.016339011
2016 Q1    1.201557    1.060292  0.05078975  0.015878297
2016 Q2    1.221607    1.069681  0.04459420  0.015577685
2016 Q3    1.239693    1.070330  0.04706882  0.012871887
2016 Q4    1.265686    1.069209  0.06016474  0.009578374

我用ggplot2线和条形图将数据组合成一个图来绘制数据。

library(ggplot2)
library(zoo)
ggplot(data = test, aes(x = yq)) + 
  geom_line(aes(y = colA_1), colour = 'red') +
  geom_line(aes(y = colA_2), colour = 'darkblue') +
  geom_col(aes(y = colB_1 * 5), colour = "red", fill = "white", position = "dodge") +
  geom_col(aes(y = colB_2 * 5), colour = "darkblue", fill = "lightblue", position = "dodge") +  
  scale_x_yearqtr(format = "%YQ%q") +
  scale_y_continuous(name = "Relativity",
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~./5, name = "YQ Growth",
                      labels = function(b) { paste0(round(b * 100, 0), "%")})) +
  theme(axis.title.y = element_text(color = "red"),
        axis.title.y.right = element_text(color = "blue"))

这是输出。

但是，我希望我的情节显示如下：

在 Excel 中，我们可以只使用具有不同系列的聚簇列。

如何修改我的代码以使我的绘图看起来接近 Excel 设计？

此外，辅助轴在 Excel 中看起来相当不错。如何修改它？我猜 R 不能像 Excel 那样自动调整绘图的轴。

数据：

> dput(test)
structure(list(yq = structure(c(2014, 2014.25, 2014.5, 2014.75, 
2015, 2015.25, 2015.5, 2015.75, 2016, 2016.25, 2016.5, 2016.75
), class = "yearqtr"), colA_1 = c(1.07251282607859, 1.09766991723034, 
1.11113694497572, 1.126759608788, 1.14348005732242, 1.16945650644991, 
1.18396509431146, 1.19385770162439, 1.20155712357527, 1.22160748220368, 
1.23969293134377, 1.26568584199143), colA_2 = c(1.02676435956276, 
1.03718273614132, 1.03989293246398, 1.04203868693514, 1.04371934229503, 
1.05327345142754, 1.0567280041501, 1.05906456813454, 1.06029182761268, 
1.06968101384557, 1.07033008728214, 1.06920868464074), colB_1 = c(0.0725128260785901, 
0.0673106045814515, 0.0647841488910708, 0.0651013729757453, 0.0661691212619855, 
0.0653990676912228, 0.0655438104772257, 0.059549607842762, 0.0507897500100214, 
0.0445941986436791, 0.0470688175690868, 0.0601647418024032), 
colB_2 = c(0.0267643595627607, 0.0249126094335301, 0.0222974693061362, 
0.0188226218410159, 0.0165130222668561, 0.0155138672535979, 
0.0161892356035436, 0.0163390106460137, 0.0158782966321198, 
0.0155776853539686, 0.0128718866904485, 0.00957837398344408
)), class = c("data.table", "data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, 
-12L), .internal.selfref = <pointer: 0x000002254bd91ef0>)

test <- fread("yq   colA_1  colA_2  colB_1  colB_2
2014 Q1 1.072513    1.026764    0.07251283  0.02676436
2014 Q2 1.09767 1.037183    0.0673106   0.024912609
2014 Q3 1.111137    1.039893    0.06478415  0.022297469
2014 Q4 1.12676 1.042039    0.06510137  0.018822622
2015 Q1 1.14348 1.043719    0.06616912  0.016513022
2015 Q2 1.169457    1.053273    0.06539907  0.015513867
2015 Q3 1.183965    1.056728    0.06554381  0.016189236
2015 Q4 1.193858    1.059065    0.05954961  0.016339011
2016 Q1 1.201557    1.060292    0.05078975  0.015878297
2016 Q2 1.221607    1.069681    0.0445942   0.015577685
2016 Q3 1.239693    1.07033 0.04706882  0.012871887
2016 Q4 1.265686    1.069209    0.06016474  0.009578374
", header = T)
test$yq <- as.yearqtr(test$yq)

Answer 1

这是一个棘手的问题。最有可能的是，有不同的方法可以实现目标。在这里，是我会做的。

首先将数据从宽格式重塑为长格式，提取分组参数A,B和1, 2, 分别。然后ggplot()用适当的比例调用颜色和填充：

library(ggplot2)
library(zoo)
library(data.table)

long <- melt(setDT(test), id.vars = "yq")[
  , grp1 := stringr::str_sub(variable, 4, 4)][
    , grp2 := stringr::str_sub(variable, 6, 6)][]

ggplot(data = long, aes(x = yq, y = value, colour = grp2, fill = grp2)) + 
  geom_col(aes(y = 10 * value), data = long[grp1 == "B"], position = "dodge") +
  geom_line(data = long[grp1 == "A"]) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = c("red", "darkblue")) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("white", "lightblue")) +
  scale_x_yearqtr(format = "%YQ%q") +
  scale_y_continuous(name = "Relativity",
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~./10, name = "YQ Growth",
                                         labels = scales::percent)) +
  theme(axis.title.y = element_text(color = "red"),
        axis.title.y.right = element_text(color = "darkblue"),
        legend.position = "none")

编辑：向条形添加标签

在评论中，OP 要求“将百分比数字每条加一个”。

width这是可能的，但需要对传递给的不同调用的参数进行一些实验position_dodge()：

sec_axis_mult <- 10
ggplot(data = long, aes(x = yq, y = value, colour = grp2, fill = grp2, 
                        label = scales::percent(value, accuracy = 0.1))) + 
  geom_col(aes(y = sec_axis_mult * value), data = long[grp1 == "B"], 
           position = position_dodge2(width = 0)) +
  geom_text(aes(y = sec_axis_mult * value), data = long[grp1 == "B"], 
            position = position_dodge(width = 0.25),
            vjust = -0.3, size = 3) +
  geom_line(data = long[grp1 == "A"]) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = c("red", "darkblue")) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("white", "lightblue")) +
  scale_x_yearqtr(format = "%YQ%q") +
  scale_y_continuous(name = "Relativity",
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~./sec_axis_mult, name = "YQ Growth",
                                         labels = scales::percent)) +
  theme(axis.title.y = element_text(color = "red"),
        axis.title.y.right = element_text(color = "darkblue"),
        legend.position = "none")