(在您的版本之前)
使用 std::copy 复制数组时出现分段错误
问题出现在std::copy
有
int *tab;
int *tab1;
...
tab[i] = tab1[i];
tab和tab1未初始化,它们不指向用作数组的内存块,因此每次取消引用时行为是未定义的(在您的情况下是分段错误)
关于数字的代码,您可能想要类似的东西
int tab[20];
int tab1[20]
警告
for(int i=1;i<=index;i++){
似乎您假设数组的第一个索引是 1,而它是 0
来自您的代码(在您的版本之后)的建议删除未定义的行为,更多的一些其他更改,我评论了这些修改。
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
void print(const int *tab, const int &nbr){
for(int i = 0; i<nbr;i++){
cout << tab[i] << ' '; // add a space to separate numbers
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
int number;
do { // your case it typically a "do while"
// print moved inside to clearly indicate the expected input
// even after a number invalid
// and also request a number > 0 else no sence after
cout << "enter a number between 1 and 20!" << endl;
if (!(cin >> number)) { // detect the error else if a non number you loop forever
cerr << "invalid input" << endl;
cin.clear(); // clear the error
// bypass invalid input
string s;
if (! (cin >> s)) {
// EOF !
return -1;
}
number = 0; // to reloop
}
} while ((number > 20) || (number <= 0));
int * tab = new int[number]; // added missing initialization
int * tab1 = new int[number]; // added missing initialization
for (int index = 0; index < number; ++index) {
tab[0] = 1;
for(int i=1; i<=index; i++) {
tab[i] = i;
}
print(tab,index);
std::copy(tab, tab+index, tab1);
}
// free resources
delete [] tab;
delete [] tab1;
return 0;
}
编译和执行:
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $ g++ -pedantic -Wextra -Wall cp.cc
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $ ./a.out
enter a number between 1 and 20!
aze
invalid input
enter a number between 1 and 20!
-1
enter a number between 1 and 20!
21
enter a number between 1 and 20!
20
1
1 1
1 1 2
1 1 2 3
1 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $
然而在
for (int index = 0; index < number; ++index) {
tab[0] = 1;
for(int i=1; i<=index; i++) {
tab[i] = i;
}
print(tab,index);
std::copy(tab, tab+index, tab1);
}
选项卡被初始化了很多次,每个条目只初始化一次就足够了
std::copy(tab, tab+index, tab1);
没用,因为tab1从未使用过。
可以删除所有有关tab1并只拥有:
tab[0] = 1;
for (int index = 1; index < number; ++index) {
tab[index] = index;
print(tab,index);
}
在valgrind下执行以检查内存访问和泄漏(已删除tab1 ):
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $ valgrind ./a.out
==16633== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==16633== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==16633== Using Valgrind-3.13.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==16633== Command: ./a.out
==16633==
enter a number between 1 and 20!
10
1
1 1
1 1 2
1 1 2 3
1 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
==16633==
==16633== HEAP SUMMARY:
==16633== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==16633== total heap usage: 4 allocs, 4 frees, 22,312 bytes allocated
==16633==
==16633== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==16633==
==16633== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==16633== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 6 from 3)
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $
另请注意,您错过了打印 print 中的最后一个元素
for(int i = 0; i<nbr;i++){
可
for(int i = 0; i<=nbr;i++){