如果有人可以帮助我解决这个问题，我将不胜感激。
这就是我所知道的。
我有一个基于 atmega328p 处理器的定制 PCB。
我正在使用 atmelstudio 7.0.1645 IDE。
我已经使用 ASF 向导来设置我的项目。
我正在使用 USBTinyISP 进行编程。
在我的主循环中，我正在切换 LED 并延迟 1 秒。
然而，当我检查示波器时，LED 以 1.6 秒的速度闪烁
我检查了保险丝，所有保险丝都正确设置为默认值（E=0xff，H=0xD9，L=0x62），这应该提供 1MHz 时钟。（8MHz 内部 RC 加上除以 8 的预分频器）
我正在使用 ASF 的系统时钟控制服务和延迟例程服务。
调用sysclk_get_main_hz();返回 16000000。
调用sysclk_get_source_clock_hz();返回 1000000。
调用sysclk_get_cpu_hz();返回 1000000。
这对我来说似乎都是正确的。
此外，如果我从 arduino ide 编译和编程一个类似的项目，延迟功能就会出现，所以我觉得我可以排除任何明显的硬件问题。无论如何，我只是在使用内部 RC。
我已经为类似的问题苦苦挣扎，但只是遇到了我觉得我已经筋疲力尽的常见时钟设置问题。
任何额外的帮助将不胜感激。谢谢。
主程序
/**
* \file
*
* \brief Empty user application template
*
*/
/**
* \mainpage User Application template doxygen documentation
*
* \par Empty user application template
*
* Bare minimum empty user application template
*
* \par Content
*
* -# Include the ASF header files (through asf.h)
* -# "Insert system clock initialization code here" comment
* -# Minimal main function that starts with a call to board_init()
* -# "Insert application code here" comment
*
*/
/*
* Include header files for all drivers that have been imported from
* Atmel Software Framework (ASF).
*/
/*
* Support and FAQ: visit <a href="http://www.atmel.com/design-support/">Atmel Support</a>
*/
#include <asf.h>
uint32_t main_hz = 0;
uint32_t source_clock_hz = 0;
uint32_t cpu_hz = 0;
int main (void)
{
sysclk_init();
board_init();
/* Insert application code here, after the board has been initialized. */
main_hz = sysclk_get_main_hz();
source_clock_hz = sysclk_get_source_clock_hz();
cpu_hz = sysclk_get_cpu_hz();
while(1){
ioport_toggle_pin(LED_STRIP);
delay_ms(1000);
}
}
conf_clock.h
/**
* \file
*
* \brief Chip-specific system clock manager configuration
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
* \asf_license_start
*
* \page License
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. The name of Atmel may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* 4. This software may only be redistributed and used in connection with an
* Atmel microcontroller product.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ATMEL "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE
* EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
* STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
* ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* \asf_license_stop
*
*/
/*
* Support and FAQ: visit <a href="http://www.atmel.com/design-support/">Atmel Support</a>
*/
#ifndef CONF_CLOCK_H_INCLUDED
#define CONF_CLOCK_H_INCLUDED
/* ===== System Clock Source Options */
#define SYSCLK_SRC_RC16MHZ 0
#define SYSCLK_SRC_RC128KHZ 1
#define SYSCLK_SRC_TRS16MHZ 2
#define SYSCLK_SRC_RC32KHZ 3
#define SYSCLK_SRC_XOC16MHZ 4
#define SYSCLK_SRC_EXTERNAL 5
/* ===== Select connected clock source */
#define SYSCLK_SOURCE SYSCLK_SRC_RC16MHZ
/* #define SYSCLK_SOURCE SYSCLK_SRC_RC128KHZ */
/* #define SYSCLK_SOURCE SYSCLK_SRC_TRS16MHZ */
/* #define SYSCLK_SOURCE SYSCLK_SRC_XOC16MHZ */
/* ===== System Clock Bus Division Options */
#define CONFIG_SYSCLK_PSDIV SYSCLK_PSDIV_8
#endif /* CONF_CLOCK_H_INCLUDED */
AVRDude 输出
avrdude.exe: Version 6.3, compiled on Feb 17 2016 at 09:25:53
Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch
System wide configuration file is "C:\Program Files (x86)\AVRDude\avrdude.conf"
Using Port : usb
Using Programmer : usbtiny
avrdude.exe: usbdev_open(): Found USBtinyISP, bus:device: bus-0:\\.\libusb0-0001--0x1781-0x0c9f
AVR Part : ATmega328P
Chip Erase delay : 9000 us
PAGEL : PD7
BS2 : PC2
RESET disposition : dedicated
RETRY pulse : SCK
serial program mode : yes
parallel program mode : yes
Timeout : 200
StabDelay : 100
CmdexeDelay : 25
SyncLoops : 32
ByteDelay : 0
PollIndex : 3
PollValue : 0x53
Memory Detail :
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 3600 3600 0xff 0xff
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0xff 0xff
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
Programmer Type : USBtiny
Description : USBtiny simple USB programmer, http://www.ladyada.net/make/usbtinyisp/
avrdude.exe: programmer operation not supported
avrdude.exe: Using SCK period of 10 usec
CMD: [ac 53 00 00] [ff fe 53 00]
avrdude.exe: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | CMD: [30 00 00 00] [00 30 00 1e]
CMD: [30 00 01 00] [00 30 00 95]
################CMD: [30 00 02 00] [00 30 00 0f]
################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 1, lfuse value: 62
CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 2, lfuse value: 62
CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 3, lfuse value: 62
avrdude.exe: safemode: lfuse reads as 62
CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 1, hfuse value: d9
CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 2, hfuse value: d9
CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 3, hfuse value: d9
avrdude.exe: safemode: hfuse reads as D9
CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 1, efuse value: ff
CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 2, efuse value: ff
CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 3, efuse value: ff
avrdude.exe: safemode: efuse reads as FF
avrdude.exe: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude.exe: erasing chip
CMD: [ac 80 00 00] [00 ac 80 00]
avrdude.exe: Using SCK period of 10 usec
CMD: [ac 53 00 00] [00 ac 53 00]
avrdude.exe: reading input file "\Atmel Studio\7.0\GccBoardProject2\GccBoardProject2\Debug\GccBoardProject2.hex"
avrdude.exe: writing flash (228 bytes):
Writing | CMD: [4c 00 00 00] [92 4c 00 00]
#########################CMD: [4c 00 40 00] [ff 4c 00 40]
######################### | 100% 0.32s
avrdude.exe: 228 bytes of flash written
avrdude.exe: verifying flash memory against \Atmel Studio\7.0\GccBoardProject2\GccBoardProject2\Debug\GccBoardProject2.hex:
avrdude.exe: load data flash data from input file \Atmel Studio\7.0\GccBoardProject2\GccBoardProject2\Debug\GccBoardProject2.hex:
avrdude.exe: input file \Atmel Studio\7.0\GccBoardProject2\GccBoardProject2\Debug\GccBoardProject2.hex contains 228 bytes
avrdude.exe: reading on-chip flash data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.25s
avrdude.exe: avr_read(): skipping page 2: no interesting data
avrdude.exe: avr_read(): skipping page 3: no interesting data
avrdude.exe: avr_read(): skipping page 4: no interesting data
...
...
avrdude.exe: avr_read(): skipping page 254: no interesting data
avrdude.exe: avr_read(): skipping page 255: no interesting data
avrdude.exe: verifying ...
avrdude.exe: 228 bytes of flash verified
avrdude.exe: reading input file "0xff"
avrdude.exe: writing efuse (1 bytes):
Writing | CMD: [50 08 00 00] [ff 50 08 ff]
################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: 1 bytes of efuse written
avrdude.exe: verifying efuse memory against 0xff:
avrdude.exe: load data efuse data from input file 0xff:
avrdude.exe: input file 0xff contains 1 bytes
avrdude.exe: reading on-chip efuse data:
Reading | CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: verifying ...
avrdude.exe: 1 bytes of efuse verified
avrdude.exe: reading input file "0xd9"
avrdude.exe: writing hfuse (1 bytes):
Writing | CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: 1 bytes of hfuse written
avrdude.exe: verifying hfuse memory against 0xd9:
avrdude.exe: load data hfuse data from input file 0xd9:
avrdude.exe: input file 0xd9 contains 1 bytes
avrdude.exe: reading on-chip hfuse data:
Reading | CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: verifying ...
avrdude.exe: 1 bytes of hfuse verified
avrdude.exe: reading input file "0x62"
avrdude.exe: writing lfuse (1 bytes):
Writing | CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: 1 bytes of lfuse written
avrdude.exe: verifying lfuse memory against 0x62:
avrdude.exe: load data lfuse data from input file 0x62:
avrdude.exe: input file 0x62 contains 1 bytes
avrdude.exe: reading on-chip lfuse data:
Reading | CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude.exe: verifying ...
avrdude.exe: 1 bytes of lfuse verified
CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 1, lfuse value: 62
CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 2, lfuse value: 62
CMD: [50 00 00 00] [00 50 00 62]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 3, lfuse value: 62
avrdude.exe: safemode: lfuse reads as 62
CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 1, hfuse value: d9
CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 2, hfuse value: d9
CMD: [58 08 00 00] [00 58 08 d9]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 3, hfuse value: d9
avrdude.exe: safemode: hfuse reads as D9
CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 1, efuse value: ff
CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 2, efuse value: ff
CMD: [50 08 00 00] [00 50 08 ff]
avrdude.exe: safemode read 3, efuse value: ff
avrdude.exe: safemode: efuse reads as FF
avrdude.exe: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FF, H:D9, L:62)