以下是导致availableRawPhotoPixelFormatTypes数组为空的三件事:
- 在将您添加到带有视频源的内容之前,您正在阅读该- availableRawPhotoPixelFormatTypes属性。- _photoOutput- AVCaptureSession
 
- 您正在使用双摄像头输入。如果是这样,您将无法捕获 RAW 图像。 
- 您正在使用前置摄像头。如果是这样,您将无法捕获 RAW 图像。 
这是来自优秀 Apple 指南的一些修改后的示例代码(请参见下面的链接)。为了简洁和更好的概述,我从几个地方复制并稍微更新了它:
let session = AVCaptureSession()
let photoOutput = AVCapturePhotoOutput()
private func configureSession() {
    // Get camera device.
    guard let videoCaptureDevice = AVCaptureDevice.default(.builtInWideAngleCamera, for: .video, position: .back) else {
        print("Unable to get camera device.")
        return
    }
    // Create a capture input.
    guard let videoInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: videoCaptureDevice) else {
        print("Unable to obtain video input for default camera.")
        return
    }
    // Make sure inputs and output can be added to session.
    guard session.canAddInput(videoInput) else { return }
    guard session.canAddOutput(photoOutput) else { return }
    // Configure the session.
    session.beginConfiguration()
    session.sessionPreset = .photo
    session.addInput(videoInput)
    // availableRawPhotoPixelFormatTypes is empty.
    session.addOutput(photoOutput)
    // availableRawPhotoPixelFormatTypes should not be empty.
    session.commitConfiguration()
}
private func capturePhoto() {
    // Photo settings for RAW capture.
    let rawFormatType = kCVPixelFormatType_14Bayer_RGGB
    // At this point the array should not be empty (session has been configured).
    guard photoOutput.availableRawPhotoPixelFormatTypes.contains(NSNumber(value: rawFormatType).uint32Value) else {
        print("No available RAW pixel formats")
        return
    }
    let photoSettings = AVCapturePhotoSettings(rawPixelFormatType: rawFormatType)
    photoOutput.capturePhoto(with: photoSettings, delegate: self)
}
// MARK: - AVCapturePhotoCaptureDelegate methods
func photoOutput(_ output: AVCapturePhotoOutput,
                 didFinishProcessingRawPhoto rawSampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer?,
                 previewPhoto previewPhotoSampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer?,
                 resolvedSettings: AVCaptureResolvedPhotoSettings,
                 bracketSettings: AVCaptureBracketedStillImageSettings?,
                 error: Error?) {
    guard error == nil, let rawSampleBuffer = rawSampleBuffer else {
        print("Error capturing RAW photo:\(error)")
        return
    }
    // Do something with the rawSampleBuffer.
}
Apple 的照片拍摄指南:
 https ://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/AudioVideo/Conceptual/PhotoCaptureGuide/index.html
availableRawPhotoPixelFormatTypes属性:
 https : //developer.apple.com/documentation/avfoundation/avcapturephotooutput/1778628-availablerawphotopixelformattype )  
iPhone 相机功能:
 https ://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Cameras/Cameras.html