我创建了一个小示例程序,我使用 pymunk 来做物理和 tkinter 来做 GUI 的东西(因为我已经放弃尝试让 pygame 安装在我的 Mac 上......)
我让它在单个球被创建、掉落和从地板上反弹的地方工作。如果我倾斜地板,它会开始正确地向左或向右弹跳。
我无法弄清楚的是如何最初对球施加力,使其初始速度向右。
我在下面包括我的代码。这可能是非常简单的事情,但我不是物理学家,对时刻等一无所知。
谢谢。
维克
"""Simple example that bounces one ball against a floor.
The BallPhysics class defines the "model". The Ball class is the "view".
@author: Victor Norman
"""
from tkinter import *
import pymunk
import pymunk.util
from pymunk import Vec2d
import math, sys, random
class Ball:
RADIUS = 10
def __init__(self, window):
self._window = window
self._window.title("Bouncing Ball with pymunk physics")
self._model = BallPhysics()
self._width = 400
self._canvas = Canvas(self._window, bg='black',
width=self._width, height=self._width)
self._canvas.pack()
self._render()
def _render(self):
self._model.next_step()
x, y = self._model.get_xy_for_ball()
# subtract y values from self._width because y increases from 0 downward.
self._canvas.create_oval(x - self.RADIUS, self._width - (y - self.RADIUS),
x + self.RADIUS, self._width - (y + self.RADIUS),
fill = 'white')
self._canvas.after(20, self._render)
class BallPhysics:
def __init__(self):
self._space = pymunk.Space()
self._space.gravity = (0.0, -900.0)
self._balls = []
mass = 10
inertia = pymunk.moment_for_circle(mass, 0, Ball.RADIUS, (0, 0))
body = pymunk.Body(mass, inertia)
x = random.randint(50, 350)
body.position = x, 400
shape = pymunk.Circle(body, Ball.RADIUS, Vec2d(0,0))
shape.elasticity = 0.9
self._space.add(body, shape)
self._balls.append(shape)
# floor
floor = pymunk.Segment(self._space.static_body, (0.0, 10.0), (400.0, 10.0), 1.0)
floor.friction = 1.0
floor.elasticity = 0.9
self._space.add(floor)
def next_step(self):
# Remove balls that are below the bottom.
balls_to_remove = []
for ball in self._balls:
if ball.body.position.y < 0:
balls_to_remove.append(ball)
for ball in balls_to_remove:
self._space.remove(ball, ball.body)
self._balls.remove(ball)
if len(self._balls) >= 1:
v = self._balls[0].body.position
print("point = %.2f, %.2f" % (v.x, v.y))
self._space.step(1 / 50)
def get_xy_for_ball(self):
ball_num = 0
return (self._balls[ball_num].body.position.x,
self._balls[ball_num].body.position.y)
main = Tk()
app = Ball(main)
main.mainloop()