r - 将文本背景设置为 ggplot 轴文本

Question

我有一个 ggplot 图形，它有一个长文本作为 Y-axis 。

我正在尝试找到一种方法来为 Y 轴设置背景颜色，其中有两种不同的颜色“斑马主题”，就像这个

但似乎没有 ggplot 功能element_text()。

有人能帮助我吗。

谢谢

特洛帕夏

Answer 1

如果您破解主题系统，这可能是可能的，但这可能不是一个好主意。

library(grid)

element_custom <- function(...) {
  structure(list(...), class = c("element_custom", "element_blank"))
}

element_grob.element_custom <- function(element, label, x, y, ...)  {
  tg <- textGrob(label, y=y, gp=gpar(col=element$colour))
  padding <- unit(1,"line")
  rg <- rectGrob(y=y,width=grobWidth(tg)+padding, height=unit(1,"line")+padding, 
                 gp=gpar(fill = element$fill, col=NA, alpha=0.1))
  gTree(children=gList(rg, tg), width=grobWidth(tg) + padding, cl="custom_axis")
}

widthDetails.custom_axis <- function(x) x$width + unit(2,"mm") # fudge


qplot(1:3,1:3) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_custom(colour = 1:2, fill=1:2))

Answer 2

您可以将表 grobs 添加到 gtable，

library(gtable)
library(grid)
library(ggplot2)

tg <- tableGrob(iris[1:5,1:3], rows = NULL, cols=NULL)
tg$heights <- unit(rep(1,nrow(tg)), "null")

p <- qplot(1:5,1:5) + ggtitle("Title", subtitle = "another line") + theme_grey(12) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0,0.5))
g <- ggplotGrob(p)
g <- gtable::gtable_add_cols(g, widths = sum(tg$widths), pos = 0)
g <- gtable::gtable_add_cols(g, widths = sum(tg$widths), pos = -1)
g <- gtable::gtable_add_grob(g, list(tg, tg), t = 6, l=c(1,ncol(g)), r=c(1, ncol(g)))
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(g)

Answer 3

谢谢巴蒂斯特的回答和解决方案。

我想我找到了另一种使用 gtable 和网格的好方法：

data <- structure(list(item = c("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.",
"Integer vitae libero ac risus egestas placerat.", "Fusce lobortis lorem at ipsum semper sagittis.",
"Donec quis dui at dolor tempor interdum.", "Vivamus molestie gravida turpis.", 
"Nunc dignissim risus id metus.", "Praesent placerat risus quis eros.", 
"Vestibulum commodo felis quis tortor."), VG = c(5, 6, 5, 3, 
3, 5, 5, 5), MA = c(5.7, 5.9, 5.7, 5.7, 3.7, 5.7, 5.7, 5.7), 
KO = c(3.3, 4.3, 3.7, 2.3, 3.3, 3.3, 3.3, 3.3), KU = c(5.8,
3.8, 2.8, 2.8, 3.8, 5.8, 5.8, 5.8), SE = c(6, 4, 4, 3.5, 
3, 6, 6, 6), itemnummber = 1:8, prio = c("", "2X", "", "", 
"4X", "1X", "", "")), .Names = c("item", "VG", "MA", "KO", 
"KU", "SE", "itemnummber", "prio"), row.names = c(NA, -8L), spec = 
structure(list(cols = structure(list(item = structure(list(), class = c("collector_character","collector")), VG = structure(list(), class = c("collector_double", 
"collector")), MA = structure(list(), class = c("collector_double", 
"collector")), KO = structure(list(), class = c("collector_double", 
"collector")), KU = structure(list(), class = c("collector_double", 
"collector")), SE = structure(list(), class = c("collector_number", 
"collector"))), .Names = c("item", "VG", "MA", "KO", "KU", 
"SE")), default = structure(list(), class = c("collector_guess", 
"collector"))), .Names = c("cols", "default"), class = "col_spec"), class = 
c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame")) 



library(tidyr)
data_long <- gather(data, perspective, value, VG:SE, factor_key=TRUE)

library(ggplot2)
library(stringr)
library(grid)
library(gridExtra)
library(gtable)

scale.text <- c("not satisfied", "little satisfied", "satisfied", "50% 
ok", "more than 50%", "sehr satisfied", " 100% satisfied")

diagram <- ggplot(data_long, aes(value, item, colour = perspective, fill = 
perspective, group = perspective)) +
  geom_point(size= 5,stroke = 0.1) +

  scale_y_discrete(labels = function(x) str_wrap(x, width = 60)) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1:7), labels = scale.text, limits=c(1, 
  7),sec.axis = sec_axis(~ ., breaks = c(1:7), labels = c(1:7))) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 5) +
  theme(

    panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.major.x =element_line(linetype="dotted",colour = "#b4c2cb", 
    size = 0.2),
    legend.position="top",
    plot.title = element_blank(),
    axis.title.x = element_blank(),
    axis.title.y = element_blank(),
    legend.title = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_blank(),
    axis.text.x=element_text(color = "black", size=8, angle=60, vjust=.8, 
    hjust=0.8),
    axis.text.x.top = element_text(color = "black", size=8, angle=0, 
    vjust=.5, hjust=0.5)
   )


# ITEMS

tt3 <- ttheme_minimal(
  core=list(bg_params = list(fill = c("#DDDDDD", "#FFFFFF"), col=NA),
            fg_params=list(fontface=3)),
  base_size = 9,
  colhead=list(fg_params=list(col="navyblue", fontface=1)),
  rowhead=list(fg_params=list(col="orange", fontface=1)))

items <- tableGrob(str_wrap(data$item, width = 80),cols = " ", theme=tt3)
items$widths <- unit(rep(1, 1), "npc")
#items$heights <- unit(rep(1/nrow(data), nrow(data)), "null")
items$heights <- unit(c(0.03, rep(1/nrow(data)  , nrow(data))), "npc")


# stats
stats <- tableGrob(data[,2:4], rows=NULL, theme=tt3) 
stats$widths <- unit(rep(1/3,3), "npc")  
stats$heights <- unit(c(0.03, rep(1/nrow(data)  , nrow(data))), "npc")
separators <- replicate(ncol(stats), segmentsGrob(x1 = unit(0, "npc"), 
gp=gpar(lty=4, col = "#8c8c8c")), simplify=FALSE)

stats <- gtable_add_grob(stats, grobs = separators,t = 1, b = nrow(stats), l = seq_len(ncol(stats)))


# itemnummber
itemnummber <- tableGrob(data$itemnummber,cols = "Nr.", rows=NULL, 
theme=tt3)
itemnummber$widths <- unit(rep(1, 1), "npc")
itemnummber$heights <-  unit(c(0.03, rep(1/nrow(data)  , nrow(data))),"npc")





prioritaeten <- tableGrob(data$prio,cols = "Prio.", theme=tt3) 
prioritaeten$widths <- unit(rep(1, 1), "npc")
#items$heights <- unit(rep(1/nrow(data), nrow(data)), "null")
prioritaeten$heights <- unit(c(0.03, rep(1/nrow(data)  , nrow(data))),"npc")

separators <- replicate(ncol(prioritaeten),
segmentsGrob(x1 = unit(0, "npc"), gp=gpar(lty=4, col="#8c8c8c")),simplify=FALSE) 
prioritaeten <- gtable_add_grob(prioritaeten, grobs = separators,
                                t = 1, b = nrow(prioritaeten), l = seq_len(ncol(prioritaeten)))



new.grob <- ggplotGrob(diagram)


new.grob <- gtable_add_cols(new.grob, unit(1, "cm"), pos = 0) 
new.grob <- gtable_add_cols(new.grob, unit(12, "cm"), pos = 0)
new.grob <- gtable_add_cols(new.grob, unit(1, "cm"), pos = 0)
new.grob <- gtable_add_cols(new.grob, unit(2.5, "cm"), pos = -1)

new.grob <- gtable_add_grob(new.grob, itemnummber, t=8, l=1, b=8, r=1, name="itemnummber")
new.grob <- gtable_add_grob(new.grob, items, t=8, l=2, b=8, r=2, name="items")
new.grob <- gtable_add_grob(new.grob, prioritaeten, t=8, l=3, b=8, r=3, name="prioritaeten")
new.grob <- gtable_add_grob(new.grob, stats, t=8, l=11, b=8, r=11, name="stats")

separators <- replicate(ncol(new.grob),
                        segmentsGrob(x1 = unit(0, "npc"), gp=gpar(lty=4, col = "#8c8c8c")),
                        simplify=FALSE)

new.grob <- gtable_add_grob(new.grob, grobs = separators, t = 8, b = 8, l = 4)


grid.newpage()
grid.draw(new.grob)

但现在我的问题是我如何为具有相同高度的绘图图形做相同的背景 - gtable？

像这样的例子：生存回归分析结果的最佳有效绘图

谢谢，