android - 如何检查 ViewModel 中授予的权限？

Question

我需要询问联系人的权限，并且在应用程序启动时询问，在 ViewModel 部分我需要调用需要权限的方法。我需要检查权限是否由用户授予然后调用，但是为了检查权限我需要访问活动。而在我的 ViewModel 中，我没有对 Activity 的引用并且不想拥有，我该如何克服这个问题？

Answer 1

我刚遇到这个问题，我决定改用 make use of LiveData。

核心理念：

• ViewModel 有一个关于需要提出什么权限请求的 LiveData

• ViewModel 有一个方法（本质上是回调），如果授予权限则返回

SomeViewModel.kt：

class SomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
    val permissionRequest = MutableLiveData<String>()

    fun onPermissionResult(permission: String, granted: Boolean) {
        TODO("whatever you need to do")
    }
}

FragmentOrActivity.kt

class FragmentOrActivity : FragmentOrActivity() {
    private viewModel: SomeViewModel by lazy {
        ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(SomeViewModel::class.java)
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        ......
        viewModel.permissionRequest.observe(this, Observer { permission -> 
            TODO("ask for permission, and then call viewModel.onPermissionResult aftwewards")
        })
        ......
    }
}

Answer 2

我已经修改了解决方案。该PermissionRequester对象是您从至少具有应用程序上下文的任何点请求权限所需的一切。它使用它的助手PermissionRequestActivity来完成这项工作。

@Parcelize
class PermissionResult(val permission: String, val state: State) : Parcelable
enum class State { GRANTED, DENIED_TEMPORARILY, DENIED_PERMANENTLY }
typealias Cancellable = () -> Unit
private const val PERMISSIONS_ARGUMENT_KEY = "PERMISSIONS_ARGUMENT_KEY"
private const val REQUEST_CODE_ARGUMENT_KEY = "REQUEST_CODE_ARGUMENT_KEY"

object PermissionRequester {
    private val callbackMap = ConcurrentHashMap<Int, (List<PermissionResult>) -> Unit>(1)
    private var requestCode = 256
    get() {
        requestCode = field--
        return if (field < 0) 255 else field
    }

    fun requestPermissions(context: Context, vararg permissions: String, callback: (List<PermissionResult>) -> Unit): Cancellable {
        val intent = Intent(context, PermissionRequestActivity::class.java)
                .putExtra(PERMISSIONS_ARGUMENT_KEY, permissions)
                .putExtra(REQUEST_CODE_ARGUMENT_KEY, requestCode)
                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
        context.startActivity(intent)
        callbackMap[requestCode] = callback
        return { callbackMap.remove(requestCode) }
    }

    internal fun onPermissionResult(responses: List<PermissionResult>, requestCode: Int) {
        callbackMap[requestCode]?.invoke(responses)
        callbackMap.remove(requestCode)
    }
}

class PermissionRequestActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            requestPermissions()
        }
    }

    private fun requestPermissions() {
        val permissions = intent?.getStringArrayExtra(PERMISSIONS_ARGUMENT_KEY) ?: arrayOf()
        val requestCode = intent?.getIntExtra(REQUEST_CODE_ARGUMENT_KEY, -1) ?: -1
        when {
            permissions.isNotEmpty() && requestCode != -1 -> ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, requestCode)
            else -> finishWithResult()
        }
    }

    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)

        val permissionResults = grantResults.zip(permissions).map { (grantResult, permission) ->
            val state =  when {
                grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED -> State.GRANTED
                ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission) -> State.DENIED_TEMPORARILY
                else -> State.DENIED_PERMANENTLY
            }
            PermissionResult(permission, state)
        }

        finishWithResult(permissionResults)
    }

    private fun finishWithResult(permissionResult: List<PermissionResult> = listOf()) {
        val requestCode = intent?.getIntExtra(REQUEST_CODE_ARGUMENT_KEY, -1) ?: -1
        PermissionRequester.onPermissionResult(permissionResult, requestCode)
        finish()
    }
}

用法：

class MyViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application) {

    private val cancelRequest: Cancellable = requestPermission()

    private fun requestPermission(): Cancellable {
        return PermissionRequester.requestPermissions(getApplication(), "android.permission.SEND_SMS") {
            if (it.firstOrNull()?.state == State.GRANTED) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "GRANTED", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "DENIED", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onCleared() {
        super.onCleared()
        cancelRequest()
    }
}

Answer 3

我做了这样的事情：

创建一个扩展 AndroidViewModel 的抽象类，让您可以访问应用程序上下文：

abstract class BaseViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application), CoroutineScope {

    private val job = Job()

    override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
        get() = job + Dispatchers.Main

    override fun onCleared() {
        super.onCleared()
        job.cancel()
    }
}

现在，通过扩展 BaseViewModel 类创建您的视图模型，您将可以访问应用程序上下文

class AdminViewModel(application: Application) : BaseViewModel(application) {
    .....
}

现在，您始终可以访问可用于访问资源的 Context。