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为了理解Snakemake，我想将一个传统的 Makefile 示例与 Snakemake 进行比较。有一个很好的介绍页面，其中包含先决条件的教育示例：

# source: http://www.jfranken.de/homepages/johannes/vortraege/make_inhalt.en.html

# Declaration of a variable
clothes = coat shoes mobile sweater socks\
        trousers shirt pants undershirt

all: $(clothes)

# An explicit rule assigns the commands for several targets
$(clothes):
    @echo put on $@; touch $@

# Implicit rules state the prerequisites
coat:      shoes mobile sweater
shoes:     socks trousers
mobile:    trousers
sweater:   shirt
trousers:  pants shirt
shirt:     undershirt

# Additional feature
.PHONY: naked
naked:      ; @-rm $(clothes)

我试图把它翻译成一个 Snakemake 文件，见这篇文章的结尾。它有效，但我必须touch为每篇文章重复该命令。我试图通过区分显式和隐式规则（使用通配符）来复制 make 的方法，但没有成功。有没有比我现在更优雅的方式？

# Snakemake version of http://www.jfranken.de/homepages/johannes/vortraege/make_inhalt.en.html#ToC6

CLOTHES = ["coat", "shoes", "mobile", "sweater", "socks", "trousers", "shirt", "pants", "undershirt"]

rule all:
    input: CLOTHES

rule coat:
    input: "shoes", "mobile", "sweater"
    output: "coat"
    shell: "touch coat"

rule shoes:
    input: "socks", "trousers"
    output: "shoes"
    shell: "touch shoes"

rule mobile:
    input: "trousers"
    output: "mobile"
    shell: "touch mobile"

rule sweater:
    input: "shirt"
    output: "sweater"
    shell: "touch sweater"

rule trousers:
    input: "pants", "shirt"
    output: "trousers"
    shell: "touch trousers"

rule shirt:
    input: "undershirt"
    output: "shirt"
    shell: "touch shirt"

rule undershirt:
    output: "undershirt"
    shell: "touch undershirt"

rule pants:
    output: "pants"
    shell: "touch pants"

rule socks:
    output: "socks"
    shell: "touch socks"


### Additional feature

rule naked:
    run:
        for ds in CLOTHES:
            shell("rm -f {}".format(ds))
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1 回答 1

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在 Snakemake 中，可以使用输入函数和配置文件来实现不同的依赖关系，例如：

configfile: "config.yaml"


def get_prereqs(wildcards):
    """Lookup prerequisites in config file."""
    # return prereqs as list of strings
    return config["clothes"][wildcards.type]


# target rule for creating all desired files
rule all:
    input:
        config["clothes"]


rule clothes:
    input:
        # refer to function that will be called with the inferred wildcards as single argument
        get_prereqs
    output:
        # in general, rule output should be more specific than in this example
        "{type}"
    shell:
        "touch {output}"

和 config.yaml：

clothes:
  coat:
    - shoes
    - mobile
    - sweater
  shoes:
    - socks
    - trousers
  mobile:
    - trousers
  sweater:
    - shirt
  trousers:
    - pants
    - shirt
  shirt:
    - undershirt
  pants: []
  undershirt: []
  socks: []
于 2016-11-14T09:11:08.557 回答