在 Python 中,假设我有这样的路径:
/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/
我怎样才能得到这folderD
部分?
在 Python 中,假设我有这样的路径:
/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/
我怎样才能得到这folderD
部分?
使用os.path.normpath
, 然后os.path.basename
:
>>> os.path.basename(os.path.normpath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
'folderD'
第一个去掉任何尾随斜杠,第二个给你路径的最后一部分。using 仅basename
给出最后一个斜杠之后的所有内容,在本例中为''
.
使用 python 3,您可以使用该pathlib
模块(pathlib.PurePath
例如):
>>> import pathlib
>>> path = pathlib.PurePath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/')
>>> path.name
'folderD'
如果您想要文件所在的最后一个文件夹名称:
>>> path = pathlib.PurePath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/file.py')
>>> path.parent.name
'folderD'
你可以做
>>> import os
>>> os.path.basename('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD')
UPDATE1:如果你给它/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/xx.py,这种方法有效。这将 xx.py 作为基本名称。我猜这不是你想要的。所以你可以这样做 -
>>> import os
>>> path = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD"
>>> if os.path.isdir(path):
dirname = os.path.basename(path)
UPDATE2:正如 lars 指出的那样,进行更改以适应尾随的“/”。
>>> from os.path import normpath, basename
>>> basename(normpath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
'folderD'
这是我的方法:
>>> import os
>>> print os.path.basename(
os.path.dirname('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/test.py'))
folderD
>>> print os.path.basename(
os.path.dirname('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
folderD
>>> print os.path.basename(
os.path.dirname('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD'))
folderC
我正在寻找一种解决方案来获取文件所在的最后一个文件夹名称,我只使用split
了两次,以获得正确的部分。这不是问题,但谷歌将我转移到这里。
pathname = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/filename.py"
head, tail = os.path.split(os.path.split(pathname)[0])
print(head + " " + tail)
我喜欢 Path 的parts方法:
grandparent_directory, parent_directory, filename = Path(export_filename).parts[-3:]
log.info(f'{t: <30}: {num_rows: >7} Rows exported to {grandparent_directory}/{parent_directory}/{filename}')
如果您使用本机 python 包pathlib,它真的很简单。
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> your_path = Path("/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/")
>>> your_path.stem
'folderD'
假设您有文件夹 D 中文件的路径。
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> your_path = Path("/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/file.txt")
>>> your_path.stem
'file.txt'
>>> your_path.parent
'folderD'
在我目前的项目中,我经常将路径的后部传递给函数,因此使用该Path
模块。为了以相反的顺序获得第 n 部分,我使用:
from typing import Union
from pathlib import Path
def get_single_subpath_part(base_dir: Union[Path, str], n:int) -> str:
if n ==0:
return Path(base_dir).name
for _ in range(n):
base_dir = Path(base_dir).parent
return getattr(base_dir, "name")
path= "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
# for getting the last part:
print(get_single_subpath_part(path, 0))
# yields "folderD"
# for the second last
print(get_single_subpath_part(path, 1))
#yields "folderC"
此外,要以包含剩余路径的路径的相反顺序传递第 n 部分,我使用:
from typing import Union
from pathlib import Path
def get_n_last_subparts_path(base_dir: Union[Path, str], n:int) -> Path:
return Path(*Path(base_dir).parts[-n-1:])
path= "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
# for getting the last part:
print(get_n_last_subparts_path(path, 0))
# yields a `Path` object of "folderD"
# for second last and last part together
print(get_n_last_subparts_path(path, 1))
# yields a `Path` object of "folderc/folderD"
请注意,此函数返回一个Path
可以轻松转换为字符串的对象(例如str(path)
)
path = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
last = path.split('/').pop()
str = "/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/"
print str.split("/")[-2]