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我正在尝试使用递归和 DP 找到两个字符串的最长公共子字符串。请注意,我指的不是最长连续子序列。所以,如果两个字符串是

String s1 = "abcdf"; String s2 = "bzcdf" 
Longest Common Substring == "cdf" (not "bcdf").
Basically they have to be continuous elements

我正在尝试使用递归和回溯来做到这一点。但是,问题是,如果我使用如下递归,+1会在帧中预先添加,即在调用堆栈中更高,并且不知道要出现的字符是否确实是连续元素。因此,按照上面的例子,“bcdf”就是答案。

public class ThisIsLongestCommonSubsequence_NotSubstring {
public static void main(String[] args) {

    String s1 = "abcdgh";
    String s2 = "abefgh";
    System.out.println(fun(s1, s1.length()-1, s2, s2.length()-1));
}

static int fun(String s1, int i, String s2, int j)
{
    if(i == -1 || j == -1)
        return 0;

    int ret = 0;
    if(s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j))
        ret = fun(s1, i-1, s2, j-1) + 1;
    else
        ret = max(fun(s1, i-1, s2, j), fun(s1, i, s2, j-1));

    return ret;
}

static int max(int a, int b)
{
    return a>b?a:b;
}
}

至于现在,下面的代码是我想出的。请注意,每次发现不匹配时,我都会将计数重置为 0。并使用名为int count的变量跟踪匹配字符的数量,并使用名为int maxcount的变量记录程序中任何点的最高值。我的代码如下。

public class LongestContinuousSubstringGlobalvariable {

static int maxcount = 0;

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s1 = "abcdghijl";
    String s2 = "abefghijk";

    fun(s1, s2, s1.length()-1, s2.length()-1, 0);
    System.out.println("maxcount == "+maxcount);
}

static void fun(String s1, String s2, int i, int j, int count)
{
    if(i == -1 || j==-1)
        return;

    if(s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j))
    {
        if(count+1 >  maxcount)
            maxcount = count+1;
        fun(s1, s2, i-1, j-1, count+1); 
    }
    else
    {
        fun(s1, s2, i-1, j, 0);
        fun(s1, s2, i, j-1, 0);
    }
}
}

这工作正常。但是,我不喜欢我的代码的几件事

  1. 使用全局变量(静态 int maxcount)跨帧进行比较
  2. 我不认为这是真正的动态编程或回溯,因为较低的帧没有其输出返回到较高的帧,然后决定如何处理它。

请给我您的意见,说明如何在不使用全局变量和使用回溯的情况下实现这一目标。

PS:我知道解决该问题的其他方法,例如保留矩阵并执行类似的操作

M[i][j] = M[i-1][j-1]+1 如果(str[i] == str[j])

目标不是解决问题,而是找到一个优雅的递归/回溯解决方案。

4

1 回答 1

-2

它可能可以在 Prolog 中完成。以下是我可以在这篇文章的帮助下写下的代码:Foreach not working in Prologhttp ://obvcode.blogspot.in/2008/11/working-with-strings-in-prolog.html和我该怎么做在列表列表中找到最长的列表?

myrun(S1, S2):-
    writeln("-------- codes of first string ---------"),
    string_codes(S1, C1list),
    writeln(C1list),

    writeln("-------- codes of second string ---------"),
    string_codes(S2, C2list),
    writeln(C2list),

    writeln("--------- substrings of first --------"),
    findall(X, sublist(X, C1list), L),   
    writeln(L),

    writeln("--------- substrings of second --------"),
    findall(X, sublist(X, C2list), M),
    writeln(M),

    writeln("------ codes of common substrings -------"),
    intersection(L,M, Outl),
    writeln(Outl), 

    writeln("--------- common strings in one line -------"),
    maplist(string_codes, Sl, Outl), 
    writeln(Sl),
    writeln("------ common strings one by one -------"),
    maplist(writeln, Sl),

    writeln("------ find longest -------"),
    longest(Outl, LongestL),
    writeln(LongestL),
    string_codes(LongestS, LongestL),
    writeln(LongestS).

sublist(S, L) :-
  append(_, L2, L),
  append(S, _, L2).

longest([L], L) :-
   !.
longest([H|T], H) :- 
   length(H, N),
   longest(T, X),
   length(X, M),
   N > M,
   !.
longest([H|T], X) :-
   longest(T, X),
   !.

它运行显示所有步骤:它将字符串转换为代码,然后从两者中生成所有可能的子字符串,然后找到那些常见的并列出它们:

?- myrun("abcdf", "bzcdf").
-------- codes of first string ---------
[97,98,99,100,102]
-------- codes of second string ---------
[98,122,99,100,102]
--------- substrings of first --------
[[],[97],[97,98],[97,98,99],[97,98,99,100],[97,98,99,100,102],[],[98],[98,99],[98,99,100],[98,99,100,102],[],[99],[99,100],[99,100,102],[],[100],[100,102],[],[102],[]]
--------- substrings of second --------
[[],[98],[98,122],[98,122,99],[98,122,99,100],[98,122,99,100,102],[],[122],[122,99],[122,99,100],[122,99,100,102],[],[99],[99,100],[99,100,102],[],[100],[100,102],[],[102],[]]
------ codes of common substrings -------
[[],[],[98],[],[99],[99,100],[99,100,102],[],[100],[100,102],[],[102],[]]
--------- common strings in one line -------
[,,b,,c,cd,cdf,,d,df,,f,]
------ common strings one by one -------


b

c
cd
cdf

d
df

f

------ find longest -------
[99,100,102]
cdf
true.

最后忽略“真实”。

如果去掉解释部分,程序会更短:

myrun(S1, S2):-
    string_codes(S1, C1list),
    string_codes(S2, C2list),
    findall(X, sublist(X, C1list), L),    
    findall(X, sublist(X, C2list), M),
    intersection(L,M, Outl),
    longest(Outl, LongestL),
    string_codes(LongestS, LongestL),
    writeln(LongestS).

sublist(S, L) :-
  append(_, L2, L),
  append(S, _, L2).

longest([L], L) :-
   !.
longest([H|T], H) :- 
   length(H, N),
   longest(T, X),
   length(X, M),
   N > M,
   !.
longest([H|T], X) :-
   longest(T, X),
   !.


?- myrun("abcdf", "bzcdf").
cdf
true.
于 2016-07-08T13:29:43.143 回答