No you can't. It's also easy to understand why. At the compilation phase there is no concept of .bss and .data these are pure linker conventions. The compiler knows some abstract concepts (const data, static data, code), but the mapping of them to the linker section is only a convention, and depending on linker, OS and processor or even memory model options. When building position independend code, often the constants are put in the code segment for example. On embedded platforms you sometime have to struggle with these things and even have to adapt your coding style because of that (we had once a model based in 80186 processors that were built with MS-C 5.1 compiler, were we couldn't use the .data
section (global, initialized variables and statics) because the toolchain put them in the ROM.
We solved once a similar problem of yours by patching the generated binary at the end of the whole build process. We extracted the used memory of the different section from the map file generated by the linker (it's an option look it up), and subtracted it from the memory size of the given model (we had 256K, 512K and 896K models) and set one of the global constants with the right value. It was thus important that all references to this size work via this global variable. This memory pool was then used by our implementation of malloc
/free
.