77

如果我有一个 double (234.004223) 等,我想在 C# 中将其四舍五入为 x 有效数字。

到目前为止,我只能找到四舍五入到 x 位小数的方法,但是如果数字中有任何 0,这只会删除精度。

例如,0.086 到小数点后一位变成 0.1,但我希望它保持在 0.08。

4

15 回答 15

99

该框架没有内置函数来四舍五入(或截断,如您的示例)到多个有效数字。但是,您可以做到这一点的一种方法是缩放您的数字,以便您的第一个有效数字正好在小数点之后,四舍五入(或截断),然后缩小。以下代码应该可以解决问题:

static double RoundToSignificantDigits(this double d, int digits){
    if(d == 0)
        return 0;

    double scale = Math.Pow(10, Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(d))) + 1);
    return scale * Math.Round(d / scale, digits);
}

如果,如在您的示例中,您真的想要截断,那么您想要:

static double TruncateToSignificantDigits(this double d, int digits){
    if(d == 0)
        return 0;

    double scale = Math.Pow(10, Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(d))) + 1 - digits);
    return scale * Math.Truncate(d / scale);
}
于 2008-12-17T13:01:38.423 回答
24

我已经使用 pDaddy 的 sigfig 函数几个月了,发现其中有一个错误。您不能取负数的对数,因此如果 d 为负数,则结果为 NaN。

以下更正了该错误:

public static double SetSigFigs(double d, int digits)
{   
    if(d == 0)
        return 0;

    decimal scale = (decimal)Math.Pow(10, Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(d))) + 1);

    return (double) (scale * Math.Round((decimal)d / scale, digits));
}
于 2009-12-17T22:56:12.483 回答
21

在我看来,您根本不想四舍五入到 x 位小数 - 您想要四舍五入到 x 个有效数字。因此,在您的示例中,您希望将 0.086 舍入到一位有效数字,而不是一位小数位。

现在,由于双精度数的存储方式,使用双精度数并舍入到一些有效数字开始是有问题的。例如,您可以将 0.12 舍入到接近0.1 的值,但 0.1 不能完全表示为双精度数。你确定你实际上不应该使用小数吗?或者,这实际上是出于展示目的吗?如果是出于显示目的,我怀疑您实际上应该将双精度直接转换为具有相关有效位数的字符串。

如果你能回答这些问题,我可以试着想出一些合适的代码。听起来很糟糕,通过将数字转换为“完整”字符串然后找到第一个有效数字(然后采取适当的舍入操作)将数字转换为字符串作为字符串可能是最好的方法.

于 2008-12-17T12:27:18.320 回答
18

如果是出于显示目的(正如您在对 Jon Skeet 的回答的评论中所述),您应该使用 Gn format specifier。其中n是有效位数 - 正是您所追求的。

如果您需要 3 个有效数字,这是使用示例(打印输出在每行的注释中):

    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e-10.ToString("G3"));//1.23E-10
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e-5.ToString("G3")); //1.23E-05
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e-4.ToString("G3")); //0.000123
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e-3.ToString("G3")); //0.00123
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e-2.ToString("G3")); //0.0123
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e-1.ToString("G3")); //0.123
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e2.ToString("G3"));  //123
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e3.ToString("G3"));  //1.23E+03
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e4.ToString("G3"));  //1.23E+04
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e5.ToString("G3"));  //1.23E+05
    Console.WriteLine(1.2345e10.ToString("G3")); //1.23E+10
于 2012-11-06T23:03:27.833 回答
11

我在 P Daddy 和 Eric 的方法中发现了两个错误。例如,这解决了 Andrew Hancox 在本问答中提出的精度误差。圆形方向也有问题。具有两个有效数字的 1050 不是 1000.0,而是 1100.0。使用 MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero 固定舍入。

static void Main(string[] args) {
  double x = RoundToSignificantDigits(1050, 2); // Old = 1000.0, New = 1100.0
  double y = RoundToSignificantDigits(5084611353.0, 4); // Old = 5084999999.999999, New = 5085000000.0
  double z = RoundToSignificantDigits(50.846, 4); // Old = 50.849999999999994, New =  50.85
}

static double RoundToSignificantDigits(double d, int digits) {
  if (d == 0.0) {
    return 0.0;
  }
  else {
    double leftSideNumbers = Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(d))) + 1;
    double scale = Math.Pow(10, leftSideNumbers);
    double result = scale * Math.Round(d / scale, digits, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);

    // Clean possible precision error.
    if ((int)leftSideNumbers >= digits) {
      return Math.Round(result, 0, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
    }
    else {
      return Math.Round(result, digits - (int)leftSideNumbers, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
    }
  }
}
于 2011-09-07T13:12:57.760 回答
6

正如 Jon Skeet 所提到的:在文本域中更好地处理这个问题。通常:出于显示目的,不要尝试舍入/更改浮点值,它永远不会 100% 有效。显示是次要问题,您应该处理任何特殊的格式要求,例如使用字符串。

我几年前实施的下面的解决方案已被证明非常可靠。它已经过彻底的测试,并且性能也很好。执行时间比 P Daddy / Eric 的解决方案长约 5 倍。

下面在代码中给出了输入 + 输出的示例。

using System;
using System.Text;

namespace KZ.SigDig
{
    public static class SignificantDigits
    {
        public static string DecimalSeparator;

        static SignificantDigits()
        {
            System.Globalization.CultureInfo ci = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
            DecimalSeparator = ci.NumberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Format a double to a given number of significant digits.
        /// </summary>
        /// <example>
        /// 0.086 -> "0.09" (digits = 1)
        /// 0.00030908 -> "0.00031" (digits = 2)
        /// 1239451.0 -> "1240000" (digits = 3)
        /// 5084611353.0 -> "5085000000" (digits = 4)
        /// 0.00000000000000000846113537656557 -> "0.00000000000000000846114" (digits = 6)
        /// 50.8437 -> "50.84" (digits = 4)
        /// 50.846 -> "50.85" (digits = 4)
        /// 990.0 -> "1000" (digits = 1)
        /// -5488.0 -> "-5000" (digits = 1)
        /// -990.0 -> "-1000" (digits = 1)
        /// 0.0000789 -> "0.000079" (digits = 2)
        /// </example>
        public static string Format(double number, int digits, bool showTrailingZeros = true, bool alwaysShowDecimalSeparator = false)
        {
            if (Double.IsNaN(number) ||
                Double.IsInfinity(number))
            {
                return number.ToString();
            }

            string sSign = "";
            string sBefore = "0"; // Before the decimal separator
            string sAfter = ""; // After the decimal separator

            if (number != 0d)
            {
                if (digits < 1)
                {
                    throw new ArgumentException("The digits parameter must be greater than zero.");
                }

                if (number < 0d)
                {
                    sSign = "-";
                    number = Math.Abs(number);
                }

                // Use scientific formatting as an intermediate step
                string sFormatString = "{0:" + new String('#', digits) + "E0}";
                string sScientific = String.Format(sFormatString, number);

                string sSignificand = sScientific.Substring(0, digits);
                int exponent = Int32.Parse(sScientific.Substring(digits + 1));
                // (the significand now already contains the requested number of digits with no decimal separator in it)

                StringBuilder sFractionalBreakup = new StringBuilder(sSignificand);

                if (!showTrailingZeros)
                {
                    while (sFractionalBreakup[sFractionalBreakup.Length - 1] == '0')
                    {
                        sFractionalBreakup.Length--;
                        exponent++;
                    }
                }

                // Place decimal separator (insert zeros if necessary)

                int separatorPosition = 0;

                if ((sFractionalBreakup.Length + exponent) < 1)
                {
                    sFractionalBreakup.Insert(0, "0", 1 - sFractionalBreakup.Length - exponent);
                    separatorPosition = 1;
                }
                else if (exponent > 0)
                {
                    sFractionalBreakup.Append('0', exponent);
                    separatorPosition = sFractionalBreakup.Length;
                }
                else
                {
                    separatorPosition = sFractionalBreakup.Length + exponent;
                }

                sBefore = sFractionalBreakup.ToString();

                if (separatorPosition < sBefore.Length)
                {
                    sAfter = sBefore.Substring(separatorPosition);
                    sBefore = sBefore.Remove(separatorPosition);
                }
            }

            string sReturnValue = sSign + sBefore;

            if (sAfter == "")
            {
                if (alwaysShowDecimalSeparator)
                {
                    sReturnValue += DecimalSeparator + "0";
                }
            }
            else
            {
                sReturnValue += DecimalSeparator + sAfter;
            }

            return sReturnValue;
        }
    }
}
于 2014-08-20T09:48:55.613 回答
3

双打上的 Math.Round() 是有缺陷的(请参阅其文档中的调用者注释)。将舍入数字乘以其十进制指数的后续步骤将在尾随数字中引入进一步的浮点错误。像@Rowanto 那样使用另一个 Round() 不会可靠地提供帮助,并且会遇到其他问题。但是,如果您愿意使用小数,那么 Math.Round() 是可靠的,就像乘以和除以 10 的幂一样:

static ClassName()
{
    powersOf10 = new decimal[28 + 1 + 28];
    powersOf10[28] = 1;
    decimal pup = 1, pdown = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < 29; i++) {
        pup *= 10;
        powersOf10[i + 28] = pup;
        pdown /= 10;
        powersOf10[28 - i] = pdown;
    }
}

/// <summary>Powers of 10 indexed by power+28.  These are all the powers
/// of 10 that can be represented using decimal.</summary>
static decimal[] powersOf10;

static double RoundToSignificantDigits(double v, int digits)
{
    if (v == 0.0 || Double.IsNaN(v) || Double.IsInfinity(v)) {
        return v;
    } else {
        int decimal_exponent = (int)Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(v))) + 1;
        if (decimal_exponent < -28 + digits || decimal_exponent > 28 - digits) {
            // Decimals won't help outside their range of representation.
            // Insert flawed Double solutions here if you like.
            return v;
        } else {
            decimal d = (decimal)v;
            decimal scale = powersOf10[decimal_exponent + 28];
            return (double)(scale * Math.Round(d / scale, digits, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
        }
    }
}
于 2012-12-14T03:00:25.380 回答
3

我同意乔恩评估的精神:

听起来很糟糕,通过将数字转换为“完整”字符串然后找到第一个有效数字(然后采取适当的舍入操作)将数字转换为字符串作为字符串可能是最好的方法.

为了近似非性能关键的计算目的,我需要有效数字舍入,并且通过“G”格式的格式解析往返就足够了:

public static double RoundToSignificantDigits(this double value, int numberOfSignificantDigits)
{
    return double.Parse(value.ToString("G" + numberOfSignificantDigits));
}
于 2019-05-28T20:35:11.190 回答
2

这个问题与您要问的问题类似:

在 C# 中使用有效数字格式化数字

因此,您可以执行以下操作:

double Input2 = 234.004223;
string Result2 = Math.Floor(Input2) + Convert.ToDouble(String.Format("{0:G1}", Input2 - Math.Floor(Input2))).ToString("R6");

四舍五入到 1 位有效数字。

于 2008-12-17T12:09:19.903 回答
2

inputNumber为需要significantDigitsRequired在小数点后进行转换的输入,significantDigitsResult则为下面伪代码的答案。

integerPortion = Math.truncate(**inputNumber**)

decimalPortion = myNumber-IntegerPortion

if( decimalPortion <> 0 )
{

 significantDigitsStartFrom = Math.Ceil(-log10(decimalPortion))

 scaleRequiredForTruncation= Math.Pow(10,significantDigitsStartFrom-1+**significantDigitsRequired**)

**siginficantDigitsResult** = integerPortion + ( Math.Truncate (decimalPortion*scaleRequiredForTruncation))/scaleRequiredForTruncation

}
else
{

  **siginficantDigitsResult** = integerPortion

}
于 2008-12-18T05:02:02.417 回答
1

正如@Oliver Bock 所指出的那样,双打上的 Math.Round() 是有缺陷的(请参阅其文档中的调用者注释)。将舍入数字乘以其十进制指数的后续步骤将在尾随数字中引入进一步的浮点错误。通常,任何乘以或除以 10 的幂都会得到不精确的结果,因为浮点通常以二进制而不是十进制表示。

使用以下函数将避免尾随数字中的浮点错误:

static double RoundToSignificantDigits(double d, int digits)
{
    if (d == 0.0 || Double.IsNaN(d) || Double.IsInfinity(d))
    {
        return d;
    }
    // Compute shift of the decimal point.
    int shift = digits - 1 - (int)Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(d)));

    // Return if rounding to the same or higher precision.
    int decimalPlaces = 0;
    for (long pow = 1; Math.Floor(d * pow) != (d * pow); pow *= 10) decimalPlaces++;
    if (shift >= decimalPlaces)
        return d;

    // Round to sf-1 fractional digits of normalized mantissa x.dddd
    double scale = Math.Pow(10, Math.Abs(shift));
    return shift > 0 ?
           Math.Round(d * scale, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) / scale :
           Math.Round(d / scale, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) * scale;
}

但是,如果您愿意使用小数,那么 Math.Round() 是可靠的,就像乘以和除以 10 的幂一样:

static double RoundToSignificantDigits(double d, int digits)
{
    if (d == 0.0 || Double.IsNaN(d) || Double.IsInfinity(d))
    {
        return d;
    }
    decimal scale = (decimal)Math.Pow(10, Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(d))) + 1);
    return (double)(scale * Math.Round((decimal)d / scale, digits, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
}

Console.WriteLine("{0:G17}", RoundToSignificantDigits(5.015 * 100, 15)); // 501.5
于 2020-09-17T04:40:00.063 回答
0

对我来说,这个工作得很好,也适用于负数:

public static double RoundToSignificantDigits(double number, int digits)
{
    int sign = Math.Sign(number);

    if (sign < 0)
        number *= -1;

    if (number == 0)
        return 0;

    double scale = Math.Pow(10, Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(number))) + 1);
    return sign * scale * Math.Round(number / scale, digits);
}
于 2019-10-30T08:35:26.607 回答
0

我的解决方案在某些情况下可能会有所帮助,我用它来显示幅度差异很大的加密货币价格 - 它总是给我指定数量的有效数字,但与 ToString("G[number of digits]") 不同,它不显示科学记数法中的小值(不知道用 ToString() 避免这种情况的方法,如果有,请告诉我!)

    const int MIN_SIG_FIGS = 6; //will be one more for < 0
    int numZeros = (int)Math.Floor(Math.Log10(Math.Abs(price))); //get number of zeros before first digit, will be negative for price > 0
    int decPlaces = numZeros < MIN_SIG_FIGS
                  ? MIN_SIG_FIGS - numZeros < 0 
                        ? 0 
                        : MIN_SIG_FIGS - numZeros 
                  : 0; //dec. places: set to MIN_SIG_FIGS + number of zeros, unless numZeros greater than sig figs then no decimal places
    return price.ToString($"F{decPlaces}");
于 2020-12-08T20:16:34.540 回答
-6

我已经做了:

int integer1 = Math.Round(double you want to round, 
    significant figures you want to round to)
于 2011-05-02T19:22:52.443 回答
-7

这是我在 C++ 中所做的

/*
    I had this same problem I was writing a design sheet and
    the standard values were rounded. So not to give my
    values an advantage in a later comparison I need the
    number rounded, so I wrote this bit of code.

    It will round any double to a given number of significant
    figures. But I have a limited range written into the
    subroutine. This is to save time as my numbers were not
    very large or very small. But you can easily change that
    to the full double range, but it will take more time.

    Ross Mckinstray
    rmckinstray01@gmail.com
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>

#using namespace std;

double round_off(double input, int places) {
    double roundA;
    double range = pow(10, 10); // This limits the range of the rounder to 10/10^10 - 10*10^10 if you want more change range;
    for (double j = 10/range; j< 10*range;) {
        if (input >= j && input < j*10){
            double figures = pow(10, places)/10;
            roundA = roundf(input/(j/figures))*(j/figures);
        }
        j = j*10;
    }
    cout << "\n in sub after loop";
    if (input <= 10/(10*10) && input >= 10*10) {
        roundA = input;
        cout << "\nDID NOT ROUND change range";
    }
    return roundA;
}

int main() {
    double number, sig_fig;

    do {
        cout << "\nEnter number ";
        cin >> number;
        cout << "\nEnter sig_fig ";
        cin >> sig_fig;
        double output = round_off(number, sig_fig);

        cout << setprecision(10);
        cout << "\n I= " << number;
        cout << "\n r= " <<output;
        cout << "\nEnter 0 as number to exit loop";
    }
    while (number != 0);

    return 0;
}

希望我没有改变任何格式化它。

于 2012-03-17T14:43:24.043 回答