您可以将特定类型的方法添加到您的 PersonFactory 类中,或者添加一个通用CreatePerson<T>()
方法,但这只有在调用者已经知道它应该接收什么类型的人时才有用。也许是这样,也许不是。
在这种情况下,我希望实际调用 PersonFactory.CreatePerson 的代码不会知道或关心返回的是什么类型的人。如果在那之后你有一些代码已经知道或弄清楚你有什么类型的人对象,那么你只需要强制转换它。
下面是一个代码示例,说明了您可以在工厂和不同的使用场景中做什么,试图解释什么时候您只需要投射或什么时候不需要。
public static class PersonFactory
{
public static Person CreatePerson()
{
return new Person();
}
public static Employee CreateEmployee()
{
return new Employee();
}
public static Pilot CreatePilot()
{
return new Pilot();
}
public static T CreatePerson<T>()
where T : Person
{
return (T)CreatePerson(typeof(T));
}
public static Person CreatePerson(Type type)
{
if (type == typeof(Person))
return CreatePerson();
else if (type == typeof(Employee))
return CreateEmployee();
else if (type == typeof(Pilot))
return CreatePilot();
else
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Unrecognized type [{0}]", type.FullName), "type");
}
public static Person CreatePerson(string typeOfPerson)
{
switch (typeOfPerson)
{
case "Employee":
return CreateEmployee();
case "Pilot":
return CreatePilot();
default:
return CreateEmployee();
}
}
}
class UsageExample
{
Person GetPerson()
{
Pilot p;
p = (Pilot)PersonFactory.CreatePerson("Pilot"); // this code already knows to expect a Pilot, so why not just call CreatePilot or CreatePerson<Pilot>()?
p = PersonFactory.CreatePilot();
p = PersonFactory.CreatePerson<Pilot>();
return p;
}
Person GetPerson(Type personType)
{
Person p = PersonFactory.CreatePerson(personType);
// this code can't know what type of person was just created, because it depends on the parameter
return p;
}
void KnowledgableCaller()
{
Type personType = typeof(Pilot);
Person p = this.GetPerson(typeof(Pilot));
// this code knows that the Person object just returned should be of type Pilot
Pilot pilot = (Pilot)p;
// proceed with accessing Pilot-specific functionality
}
void IgnorantCaller()
{
Person p = this.GetPerson();
// this caller doesn't know what type of Person object was just returned
// but it can perform tests to figure it out
Pilot pilot = p as Pilot;
if (pilot != null)
{
// proceed with accessing Pilot-specific functionality
}
}
}