我对这个 openmdao 错误感到困惑。为什么要提出这个问题?我可以以某种方式告诉 openmdao 我没有渐变并使用有限差分吗?为什么这是针对 childWeight 而不是 eta 提出的?
我可以通过将我的所有变量初始化为浮点数(例如root.add('childWeight', IndepVarComp('x',100))
-> root.add('childWeight', IndepVarComp('x',100.0))
)来解决这个问题,但我想了解为什么会引发此错误。
from openmdao.api import Component, Group, Problem, ScipyOptimizer, IndepVarComp
class gym(Component):
def __init__(self):
super(gym, self).__init__()
self.add_param('eta', 0.01)
self.add_param('childWeight', 240)
self.add_output('acc', 1)
def solve_nonlinear(self, params, unknowns, resids):
<...... parameters are used to produce objective "acc" ...>
unknowns["acc"] = ....
top = Problem()
root = top.root = Group()
root.add('gym', gym())
top.driver = ScipyOptimizer()
top.driver.options['optimizer'] = 'BFGS'
root.add('eta',IndepVarComp('x', 0.01))
root.add('childWeight', IndepVarComp('x',100))
root.connect('eta.x', 'gym.eta')
root.connect('childWeight.x', 'gym.childWeight')
top.driver.add_desvar('eta.x', 0, 1.0)
top.driver.add_desvar('childWeight.x', 0, 1000)
top.driver.add_objective('gym.acc')
top.setup()
top.run()
引发错误
File "script.py", line 98, in <module>
top.setup()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/openmdao/core/problem.py", line 694, in setup
self.driver._setup()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/openmdao/drivers/scipy_optimizer.py", line 91, in _setup
super(ScipyOptimizer, self)._setup()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/openmdao/core/driver.py", line 115, in _setup
(item_name, name, oname))
RuntimeError: Parameter 'childWeight.x' is a 'pass_by_obj' variable and can't be used with a gradient based driver of type 'BFGS'.