13

我试图找出对一些遗留代码使用依赖注入的最佳方法,这将需要很长时间来重构并且必须逐步完成。大多数旧类使用“父”属性来确定各种事物,并且父属性通常通过构造函数参数传入,如下所示:

constructor TParentObject.Create;
begin
  FChildObject := TChildObject.Create(Self);
end;

constructor TChildObject.Create(AParent: TParentObject)
begin
  FParent := AParent;
end;

这是我们遗留代码库的典型特征。但是,当转向接口和构造函数注入时,Spring4D 框架在创建 Child 对象时不知道 Parent。所以它只会得到一个新的父母,而不是现有的父母。当然,我可以创建一个属性 getter/setter,但这将表明该类的“可选”属性实际上是一个强制属性。有关更多说明,请参见下面的代码:

unit uInterfaces;

interface

uses
  Spring.Collections;

type

  IChildObject = interface;

  IParentObject = interface
  ['{8EA8F9A2-E627-4546-8008-0A77DA2B16F1}']
    function GetSomethingRequiredByChild: string;
    procedure SetSomethingRequiredByChild(const Value: string);
    property SomethingRequiredByChild: string read GetSomethingRequiredByChild write SetSomethingRequiredByChild;
    function GetChild: IChildObject;
    property Child: IChildObject read GetChild;
  end;

  // This introduces a property getter/setter
  // However it also implies that Parent can be NIL which it cannot
  IChildObject = interface
  ['{ECCA09A6-4A52-4BE4-A72E-2801160A9086}']
    function GetParent: IParentObject;
    procedure SetParent(const Value: IParentObject);
    property Parent: IParentObject read GetParent write SetParent;
  end;

  TParentObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IParentObject)
  private
    FChild: IChildObject;
    FSomethingRequiredByChild: string;
    function GetChild: IChildObject;
    function GetSomethingRequiredByChild: string;
    procedure SetSomethingRequiredByChild(const Value: string);
  public
    constructor Create;
  end;

  TChildObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IChildObject)
  private
    FParent: IParentObject;
    function GetParent: IParentObject;
    procedure SetParent(const Value: IParentObject);
  public
    // This requries a Parent object, but how does the Spring4D resolve the correct parent?
    constructor Create(const AParent: IParentObject);
  end;

implementation

uses
  Spring.Services;

{ TParentObject }

constructor TParentObject.Create;
begin
  // Here is the old way...
  FChild := TChildObject.Create(Self); // Old way of doing it

  // This is the Service Locator way...
  FChild := ServiceLocator.GetService<IChildObject>;
  // I would prefer that the Parent is assigned somehow by the Service Locator
  // IS THIS POSSIBLE - or am I dreaming?
  FChild.Parent := Self;
end;

function TParentObject.GetChild: IChildObject;
begin
  Result := FChild;
end;

function TParentObject.GetSomethingRequiredByChild: string;
begin
  Result := FSomethingRequiredByChild;
end;

procedure TParentObject.SetSomethingRequiredByChild(const Value: string);
begin
  FSomethingRequiredByChild := Value;
end;

{ TChildObject }

constructor TChildObject.Create(const AParent: IParentObject);
begin
  FParent := AParent;
end;

function TChildObject.GetParent: IParentObject;
begin
  Result := FParent;
end;

procedure TChildObject.SetParent(const Value: IParentObject);
begin
  FParent := Value;
end;

end.

也许有一些我不知道的方法可以用来使用 DI 框架设置父对象?

我希望这个问题很清楚我想要达到的目标。我很乐意在必要时提供更多描述/代码示例。

4

1 回答 1

16

首先,您不应该使用服务定位器来替换 ctor 调用。这只会让事情变得更糟。我知道人们认为这样做很聪明,但实际上你是在用对某个全局状态的依赖替换对另一个类的一个简单依赖,再加上要求(消费类)控制之外的一些其他代码将依赖放入容器中。这不会导致更容易但更难维护代码。

加上你应该远离它的所有其他原因。服务定位器在遗留应用程序中的用途可能有限,可以在应用程序中间引入组合根以从该点开始 DI,但不是以您显示的方式。

如果父母需要孩子,那么只需注入它。现在的问题是,如果你想创建一个父母,你首先需要孩子,但孩子需要父母。如何做到这一点?有两种解决方案。然而,其中之一不是纯 DI兼容的。

我首先展示了使用容器提供的工厂的方式(需要截至发布时最新的开发分支版本):

unit ParentChildRelationShip.Types;

interface

uses
  SysUtils,
  Spring,
  Spring.Container.Common;

type
  IChildObject = interface;

  IParentObject = interface
    ['{8EA8F9A2-E627-4546-8008-0A77DA2B16F1}']
    function GetChild: IChildObject;
    property Child: IChildObject read GetChild;
  end;

  IChildObject = interface
    ['{ECCA09A6-4A52-4BE4-A72E-2801160A9086}']
    function GetParent: IParentObject;
    property Parent: IParentObject read GetParent;
  end;

  TParentObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IParentObject)
  private
    FChild: IChildObject;
    function GetChild: IChildObject;
  public
    constructor Create(const childFactory: IFactory<IParentObject, IChildObject>);
  end;

  TChildObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IChildObject)
  private
    FParent: WeakReference<IParentObject>;
    function GetParent: IParentObject;
  public
    constructor Create(const AParent: IParentObject);
  end;

implementation

{ TParentObject }

constructor TParentObject.Create;
begin
  FChild := childFactory(Self);
end;

function TParentObject.GetChild: IChildObject;
begin
  Result := FChild;
end;

{ TChildObject }

constructor TChildObject.Create(const AParent: IParentObject);
begin
  FParent := AParent;
end;

function TChildObject.GetParent: IParentObject;
begin
  Result := FParent;
end;

end.

program ParentChildRelation;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils,
  Spring.Container,
  Spring.Container.Common,
  ParentChildRelationShip.Types in 'ParentChildRelationShip.Types.pas';

procedure Main;
var
  parent: IParentObject;
  child: IChildObject;
begin
  GlobalContainer.RegisterType<IParentObject,TParentObject>;
  GlobalContainer.RegisterType<IChildObject,TChildObject>;
  GlobalContainer.RegisterFactory<IFactory<IParentObject,IChildObject>>(TParamResolution.ByValue);
  GlobalContainer.Build;
  parent := GlobalContainer.Resolve<IParentObject>;
  child := parent.Child;
  Assert(parent = child.Parent);
end;

begin
  try
    Main;
  except
    on E: Exception do
      Writeln(E.Message);
  end;
  ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown := True;
end.

如果您不想使用容器提供的工厂,您可以自己显式注册它。然后 RegisterFactory 调用被替换为这个:

  GlobalContainer.RegisterInstance<TFunc<IParentObject,IChildObject>>(
    function(parent: IParentObject): IChildObject
    begin
      Result := GlobalContainer.Resolve<IChildObject>([TValue.From(parent)]);
    end);

并且构造函数参数可以更改为TFunc<...>,因为此方法不需要 RTTI(这就是您IFactory<...>在其他情况下需要的原因)。

第二个版本使用字段注入,因此与纯 DI 不兼容 - 编写这样的代码时要小心,因为如果不使用容器或 RTTI,它就无法工作 - 就像如果你想测试这些类,在没有容器的情况下编写它们可能会变得困难。这里的重要部分是 PerResolve ,它告诉容器在需要它可以满足的另一个依赖项时重用曾经解析过的实例。

unit ParentChildRelationShip.Types;

interface

uses
  SysUtils,
  Spring;

type
  IChildObject = interface;

  IParentObject = interface
    ['{8EA8F9A2-E627-4546-8008-0A77DA2B16F1}']
    function GetChild: IChildObject;
    property Child: IChildObject read GetChild;
  end;

  IChildObject = interface
    ['{ECCA09A6-4A52-4BE4-A72E-2801160A9086}']
    function GetParent: IParentObject;
    property Parent: IParentObject read GetParent;
  end;

  TParentObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IParentObject)
  private
    [Inject]
    FChild: IChildObject;
    function GetChild: IChildObject;
  end;

  TChildObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IChildObject)
  private
    FParent: WeakReference<IParentObject>;
    function GetParent: IParentObject;
  public
    constructor Create(const AParent: IParentObject);
  end;

implementation

function TParentObject.GetChild: IChildObject;
begin
  Result := FChild;
end;

{ TChildObject }

constructor TChildObject.Create(const AParent: IParentObject);
begin
  FParent := AParent;
end;

function TChildObject.GetParent: IParentObject;
begin
  Result := FParent;
end;

end.

program ParentChildRelation;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils,
  Spring.Container,
  Spring.Container.Common,
  ParentChildRelationShip.Types in 'ParentChildRelationShip.Types.pas';

procedure Main;
var
  parent: IParentObject;
  child: IChildObject;
begin
  GlobalContainer.RegisterType<IParentObject,TParentObject>.PerResolve;
  GlobalContainer.RegisterType<IChildObject,TChildObject>;
  GlobalContainer.Build;
  parent := GlobalContainer.Resolve<IParentObject>;
  child := parent.Child;
  Assert(parent = child.Parent);
end;

begin
  try
    Main;
  except
    on E: Exception do
      Writeln(E.Message);
  end;
  ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown := True;
end.

顺便一提。使用接口时注意父母和孩子之间的引用。如果它们相互引用,则会出现内存泄漏。您可以通过在一侧使用弱引用(通常是子引用中的父引用)来解决这个问题。

于 2015-08-11T08:30:00.370 回答