我试图在一组实验数据中拟合固体中电阻率的爱因斯坦近似值。我有电阻率与温度的关系(从 200 到 4 K)
import xlrd as xd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
import scipy as sp
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
#retrieve data from file
data = pl.loadtxt('salita.txt')
Temp = data[:, 1]
Res = data[:, 2]
#define fitting function
def einstein_func( T, ro0, AE, TE):
nl = np.sinh(TE/(2*T))
return ro0 + AE*nl*T
p0 = sp.array([1 , 1, 1])
coeffs, cov = curve_fit(einstein_func, Temp, Res, p0)
但我收到这些警告
crio.py:14: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in divide
nl = np.sinh(TE/(2*T))
crio.py:14: RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in sinh
nl = np.sinh(TE/(2*T))
crio.py:15: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in divide
return ro0 + AE*np.sinh(TE/(2*T))*T
crio.py:15: RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in sinh
return ro0 + AE*np.sinh(TE/(2*T))*T
crio.py:15: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in multiply
return ro0 + AE*np.sinh(TE/(2*T))*T
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "crio.py", line 19, in <module>
coeffs, cov = curve_fit(einstein_func, Temp, Res, p0)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/scipy/optimize/minpack.py", line 511, in curve_fit
raise RuntimeError(msg)
RuntimeError: Optimal parameters not found: Number of calls to function has reached maxfev = 800.
我不明白为什么它一直说在 sinh 中除以零,因为我有严格的正值。改变我的起始猜测对其没有影响。
编辑:我的数据集是这样组织的:
4.39531E+0 1.16083E-7
4.39555E+0 -5.92258E-8
4.39554E+0 -3.79045E-8
4.39525E+0 -2.13213E-8
4.39619E+0 -4.02736E-8
4.43130E+0 -1.42142E-8
4.45900E+0 -2.60594E-8
4.46129E+0 -9.00232E-8
4.46181E+0 1.42142E-7
4.46195E+0 -2.13213E-8
4.46225E+0 4.26426E-8
4.46864E+0 -2.60594E-8
4.47628E+0 1.37404E-7
4.47747E+0 9.47612E-9
4.48008E+0 2.84284E-8
4.48795E+0 1.35035E-7
4.49804E+0 1.39773E-7
4.51151E+0 -1.75308E-7
4.54916E+0 -1.63463E-7
4.59176E+0 -2.36902E-9
其中第一列是温度,第二列是电阻率(负值是由于试验电流中的噪声,因为样品是 PbIn 合金,它在低于 6.7-6.9K 的温度下变得超导,这里我们是 4.5K)。
我提供给 sinh 的参数是 Numpy 数组,ro0 + AE*T
我的代码具有线性函数。我试过了,scipy.optimize.minimize
但结果是一样的。现在我看到我的文件中有将近九百个值,这可能是问题所在吗?
我已经编辑了我的数据集删除了一些行,现在唯一显示的警告是
RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in sinh
我该如何解决?