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为了计算定向光的投影视图矩阵,我采用活动相机的平截头体的顶点,将它们乘以定向光的旋转并使用这些旋转的顶点来计算正交投影矩阵的延伸。光。然后,我使用灯光的平截头体边界框的中心作为眼睛的位置,将灯光的方向作为前向矢量,然后将 Y 轴作为向上矢量来创建视图矩阵。

我通过将框的 8 个角乘以 2 作为大小并以原点为中心来计算相机平截头体顶点。

一切正常,方向光投影视图矩阵是正确的,但我遇到了这种方法的一个大问题。

假设我的相机朝前 (0, 0, -1),位于原点上,zNear 值为 1,zFar 为 100。只有从我的相机视锥体可见的对象才会渲染到阴影贴图中,所以每个对象Z 位置在 -1 和 -100 之间。

问题是,如果我的光的方向使光来自相机后面并且是一个物体,例如,Z 位置为 10(所以在相机后面但仍然在光的前面)并且足够高为了可能在我的相机可见的场景上投射阴影,这个对象不会渲染到阴影贴图中,因为它没有包含在我的光截头体中,导致错误不投射阴影。

为了解决这个问题,我正在考虑使用场景边界框来计算光投影视图矩阵,但是这样做是没有用的,因为渲染到阴影贴图中的图像太大以至于可以看到许多伪影(阴影痤疮等...),所以我跳过了这个解决方案。

我怎样才能克服这个问题?


我已经在“计算紧凑投影”部分阅读了这篇文章,以创建我的投影视图矩阵,为了清楚起见,这是我的代码:

Frustum* cameraFrustum = activeCamera->GetFrustum();

Vertex3f direction = GetDirection();                                        // z axis
Vertex3f perpVec1 = (direction ^ Vertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)).Normalized();  // y axis
Vertex3f perpVec2 = (direction ^ perpVec1).Normalized();                    // x axis

Matrix rotationMatrix;  
rotationMatrix.m[0] = perpVec2.x;   rotationMatrix.m[1] = perpVec1.x;   rotationMatrix.m[2] =   direction.x;
rotationMatrix.m[4] = perpVec2.y;   rotationMatrix.m[5] = perpVec1.y;   rotationMatrix.m[6] =   direction.y;
rotationMatrix.m[8] = perpVec2.z;   rotationMatrix.m[9] = perpVec1.z;   rotationMatrix.m[10] =  direction.z;

Vertex3f frustumVertices[8];
cameraFrustum->GetFrustumVertices(frustumVertices);

for (AInt i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    frustumVertices[i] = rotationMatrix * frustumVertices[i];

Vertex3f minV = frustumVertices[0], maxV = frustumVertices[0];
for (AInt i = 1; i < 8; i++)
{
    minV.x = min(minV.x, frustumVertices[i].x);
    minV.y = min(minV.y, frustumVertices[i].y);
    minV.z = min(minV.z, frustumVertices[i].z);
    maxV.x = max(maxV.x, frustumVertices[i].x);
    maxV.y = max(maxV.y, frustumVertices[i].y);
    maxV.z = max(maxV.z, frustumVertices[i].z);
}

Vertex3f extends = maxV - minV;
extends *= 0.5f;

Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix::MakeLookAt(cameraFrustum->GetBoundingBoxCenter(), direction, perpVec1);
Matrix projectionMatrix = Matrix::MakeOrtho(-extends.x, extends.x, -extends.y, extends.y, -extends.z, extends.z);
Matrix projectionViewMatrix = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix;

SceneObject::SetMatrix("ViewMatrix", viewMatrix);
SceneObject::SetMatrix("ProjectionMatrix", projectionMatrix);
SceneObject::SetMatrix("ProjectionViewMatrix", projectionViewMatrix);

这就是我计算截锥体及其边界框的方式:

Matrix inverseProjectionViewMatrix = projectionViewMatrix.Inversed();

Vertex3f points[8];

_frustumVertices[0] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);  // near top-left
_frustumVertices[1] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);  // near top-right
_frustumVertices[2] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);  // near bottom-left
_frustumVertices[3] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);  // near bottom-right
_frustumVertices[4] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);  // far top-left
_frustumVertices[5] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);  // far top-right
_frustumVertices[6] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);  // far bottom-left
_frustumVertices[7] = inverseProjectionViewMatrix * Vertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);  // far bottom-right

_boundingBoxMin = _frustumVertices[0];
_boundingBoxMax = _frustumVertices[0];

for (AInt i = 1; i < 8; i++)
{
    _boundingBoxMin.x = min(_boundingBoxMin.x, _frustumVertices[i].x);
    _boundingBoxMin.y = min(_boundingBoxMin.y, _frustumVertices[i].y);
    _boundingBoxMin.z = min(_boundingBoxMin.z, _frustumVertices[i].z);

    _boundingBoxMax.x = max(_boundingBoxMax.x, _frustumVertices[i].x);
    _boundingBoxMax.y = max(_boundingBoxMax.y, _frustumVertices[i].y);
    _boundingBoxMax.z = max(_boundingBoxMax.z, _frustumVertices[i].z);
}

_boundingBoxCenter = Vertex3f((_boundingBoxMin.x + _boundingBoxMax.x) / 2.0f, (_boundingBoxMin.y + _boundingBoxMax.y) / 2.0f, (_boundingBoxMin.z + _boundingBoxMax.z) / 2.0f);
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