3

这是来自Functional C++博客的一篇文章的代码片段,描述了如何实现通用函数求值。

我的问题是,如何在没有参数的情况下声明像 R(C::*f)() 这样的模板函数指针 f 并且仍然能够使用 Args 调用它……?

// functions, functors, lambdas, etc.
template<
    class F, class... Args,
    class = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_member_function_pointer<F>::value>::type,
    class = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_member_object_pointer<F>::value>::type
    >
auto eval(F&& f, Args&&... args) -> decltype(f(std::forward<Args>(args)...))
{
    return f(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

// const member function
template<class R, class C, class... Args>
auto eval(R(C::*f)() const, const C& c, Args&&... args) -> R
{
    return (c.*f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

template<class R, class C, class... Args>
auto eval(R(C::*f)() const, C& c, Args&&... args) -> R
{
    return (c.*f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

// non-const member function
template<class R, class C, class... Args>
auto eval(R(C::*f)(), C& c, Args&&... args) -> R
{
    return (c.*f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

// member object
template<class R, class C>
auto eval(R(C::*m), const C& c) -> const R&
{
    return c.*m;
}

template<class R, class C>
auto eval(R(C::*m), C& c) -> R&
{
    return c.*m;
}

struct Bloop
{
    int a = 10;
    int operator()(){return a;}
    int operator()(int n){return a+n;}
    int triple(){return a*3;}
};

int add_one(int n)
{
    return n+1;
}

int main()
{
    Bloop bloop;

    // free function
    std::cout << eval(add_one,0) << "\n";

    // lambda function
    std::cout << eval([](int n){return n+1;},1) << "\n";

    // functor
    std::cout << eval(bloop) << "\n";
    std::cout << eval(bloop,4) << "\n";

    // member function
    std::cout << eval(&Bloop::triple,bloop) << "\n";

    // member object
    eval(&Bloop::a,bloop)++; // increment a by reference
    std::cout << eval(&Bloop::a,bloop) << "\n";

    return 0;
}

例如,当我尝试:

struct Bloop
{
    int a = 10;
    int operator()(){return a;}
    int operator()(int n){return a+n;}
    int triple(){return a*3;}
    int foo(int n) {return n;}
};

template <typename R, typename C, typename... Args>
void eval (R(C::*func)(), C& c, Args... args) {
    (c.*func)(args...);
}

int main()
{
    Bloop bloop;

    eval(&Bloop::foo, bloop, 5);

    return 0;
}

我收到此错误:

main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:27:31: error: no matching function for call to 'eval(int (Bloop::*)(int), Bloop&, int)'
     eval(&Bloop::foo, bloop, 5);
                               ^
main.cpp:27:31: note: candidate is:
main.cpp:19:6: note: template<class R, class C, class ... Args> void eval(R (C::*)(), C&, Args ...)
 void eval (R(C::*func)(), C& c, Args... args) {
      ^
main.cpp:19:6: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
main.cpp:27:31: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
     eval(&Bloop::foo, bloop, 5);
                               ^

如果我声明funclike R(C::*func)(int),它会编译。

4

2 回答 2

5

博客文章中的代码不正确(或至少不完整);它仅适用于无参数函数。你可以这样写eval更正确:

template<class R, class C, class... T, class... Args>
auto eval(R(C::*f)(T...), C& c, Args&&... args) -> R
{
    return (c.*f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

请注意T...指向成员函数类型指针的参数的参数包。这是一个不同的类型包,Args&&...因为这两个包的推论可能不同。

于 2014-12-10T14:07:13.513 回答
1

通过避免分析指向成员函数和指向成员数据类型的指针并简单地接受任何定义明确的调用,可以同时使这段代码更简单和更通用:

#define RETURNS(...) \
  -> decltype(__VA_ARGS__) { \
    return (__VA_ARGS__); \
  }

// Function object type
template<class F, class... Args>
auto eval(F&& f, Args&&... args)
RETURNS(std::forward<F>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...))

// pointer to member function, object reference
template<class PMF, class C, class... Args>
auto eval(PMF&& pmf, C&& c, Args&&... args)
RETURNS((std::forward<C>(c).*std::forward<PMF>(pmf))(std::forward<Args>(args)...))

// pointer to member data, object reference
template<class PMD, class C>
auto eval(PMD&& pmd, C&& c)
RETURNS(std::forward<C>(c).*std::forward<PMD>(pmd))

虽然我们这样做了,但为了完整性,除了对象引用之外,我们还可以支持省略的带有对象指针的成员指针的情况,特别是考虑到示例代码要求它们进行评估eval(&Bloop::a,&bloop)++

// pointer to member data, object pointer
template<class PMD, class P>
auto eval(PMD&& pmd, P&& p)
RETURNS((*std::forward<P>(p)).*std::forward<PMD>(pmd))

// pointer to member function, object pointer
template<class PMF, class P, class... Args>
auto eval(PMF&& pmf, P&& p, Args&&... args)
RETURNS(((*std::forward<P>(p)).*std::forward<PMF>(pmf))(std::forward<Args>(args)...))

演示

(好吧,也许“更简单”是一个糟糕的词选择。“更简洁”或“简洁”可能更准确。)

于 2014-12-10T16:41:43.797 回答