考虑以下代码:
#include <new>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void * operator new(size_t size) {
void *res;
if (size == 1) {
res = NULL;
} else {
res = malloc(size);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%s(%zu) = %p\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, size, res);
if (res == NULL) throw std::bad_alloc();
return res;
}
void * operator new(size_t size, const std::nothrow_t&) {
void *res;
if (size == 1) {
res = NULL;
} else {
res = malloc(size);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%s(%zu) = %p\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, size, res);
return res;
}
void operator delete(void *ptr) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s(%p)\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ptr);
free(ptr);
}
void operator delete(void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t&) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s(%p)\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ptr);
free(ptr);
}
class Foo { };
class Bar {
public:
Bar() : ptr(new Foo()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ptr = %p\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ptr);
}
Bar(const std::nothrow_t&) noexcept : ptr(new(std::nothrow) Foo()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ptr = %p\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ptr);
}
~Bar() noexcept {
delete ptr;
}
Foo *ptr;
};
class Baz {
public:
Baz() : ptr(new Foo()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ptr = %p\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ptr);
}
~Baz() {
delete ptr;
}
Foo *ptr;
};
int main() {
Bar *bar = new(std::nothrow) Bar(std::nothrow_t());
if (bar != NULL) {
delete bar;
} else { fprintf(stderr, "bad alloc on Bar(std::nothrow_t())\n"); }
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
try {
bar = new(std::nothrow) Bar();
delete bar;
} catch (std::bad_alloc) { fprintf(stderr, "bad alloc on Bar()\n"); }
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
try {
Baz *baz = new Baz();
delete baz;
} catch (std::bad_alloc) { fprintf(stderr, "bad alloc on Baz()\n"); }
}
这会产生以下输出:
void* operator new(size_t, const std::nothrow_t&)(8) = 0x1fed010
void* operator new(size_t, const std::nothrow_t&)(1) = (nil)
Bar::Bar(const std::nothrow_t&): ptr = (nil)
void operator delete(void*)((nil))
void operator delete(void*)(0x1fed010)
void* operator new(size_t, const std::nothrow_t&)(8) = 0x1fed010
void* operator new(std::size_t)(1) = (nil)
void operator delete(void*, const std::nothrow_t&)(0x1fed010)
bad alloc on Bar()
void* operator new(std::size_t)(8) = 0x1fed010
void* operator new(std::size_t)(1) = (nil)
void operator delete(void*)(0x1fed010)
bad alloc on Baz()
如您所见,尽管分配 Foo 失败,但分配第一个 Bar 成功。Bar 的第二次分配和 Baz 的分配通过使用 std::bad_alloc 正确失败。
现在我的问题是:如何制作“new(std::nothrow) Bar(std::nothrow_t());” 当 Foo 分配失败时释放 Bar 的内存并返回 NULL?依赖倒置是唯一的解决方案吗?