1581

在 .NET 中,该GetHashCode方法在整个 .NET 基类库中的很多地方都使用。正确实施它对于在集合中快速查找项目或确定相等性时尤为重要。

是否有关于如何GetHashCode为我的自定义类实现的标准算法或最佳实践,这样我就不会降低性能?

4

22 回答 22

1727

我通常会使用类似于 Josh Bloch精彩的 Effective Java中给出的实现。它速度很快,并且创建了一个不太可能导致冲突的非常好的哈希。选择两个不同的素数,例如 17 和 23,然后:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
    {
        int hash = 17;
        // Suitable nullity checks etc, of course :)
        hash = hash * 23 + field1.GetHashCode();
        hash = hash * 23 + field2.GetHashCode();
        hash = hash * 23 + field3.GetHashCode();
        return hash;
    }
}

如评论中所述,您可能会发现最好选择一个大素数来乘以。显然 486187739 很好......虽然我看到的大多数小数字示例都倾向于使用素数,但至少有类似的算法经常使用非素数。例如,在稍后的不完全FNV示例中,我使用了显然工作良好的数字 - 但初始值不是质数。(虽然乘法常数素数。我不知道这有多重要。)

这比XORing 哈希码的常见做法更好,主要有两个原因。假设我们有一个包含两个int字段的类型:

XorHash(x, x) == XorHash(y, y) == 0 for all x, y
XorHash(x, y) == XorHash(y, x) for all x, y

顺便说一句,早期的算法是 C# 编译器当前用于匿名类型的算法。

这个页面提供了很多选项。我认为在大多数情况下,上述内容“足够好”,并且非常容易记住和正确。FNV替代方案同样简单,但使用不同的常数,而XOR不是ADD作为组合操作。它看起来下面的代码,但正常的 FNV 算法对单个字节进行操作,因此这需要修改为每个字节执行一次迭代,而不是每个 32 位哈希值。FNV 也是为可变长度的数据设计的,而我们在这里使用它的方式总是针对相同数量的字段值。对此答案的评论表明,此处的代码实际上并不像上面的添加方法那样有效(在测试的示例案例中)。

// Note: Not quite FNV!
public override int GetHashCode()
{
    unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
    {
        int hash = (int) 2166136261;
        // Suitable nullity checks etc, of course :)
        hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ field1.GetHashCode();
        hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ field2.GetHashCode();
        hash = (hash * 16777619) ^ field3.GetHashCode();
        return hash;
    }
}

请注意,要注意的一件事是,理想情况下,您应该防止在将您的平等敏感(因此哈希码敏感)状态添加到依赖于哈希码的集合后发生变化。

根据文档

您可以为不可变引用类型覆盖 GetHashCode。一般来说,对于可变引用类型,只有在以下情况下才应该覆盖 GetHashCode:

  • 您可以从不可变的字段计算哈希码;或者
  • 您可以确保当对象包含在依赖于其哈希码的集合中时,可变对象的哈希码不会改变。

FNV文章的链接已损坏,但这是 Internet 档案中的副本:Eternally Confuzzled - The Art of Hashing

于 2008-11-04T20:56:17.130 回答
504

ValueTuple - C# 7 的更新

正如@cactuaroid 在评论中提到的,可以使用一个值元组。这节省了一些击键,更重要的是纯粹在堆栈上执行(无垃圾):

(PropA, PropB, PropC, PropD).GetHashCode();

(注意:使用匿名类型的原始技术似乎是在堆上创建一个对象,即垃圾,因为匿名类型是作为类实现的,尽管编译器可能会对此进行优化。对这些选项进行基准测试会很有趣,但是tuple 选项应该更好。)

匿名类型(原始答案)

Microsoft 已经提供了一个很好的通用 HashCode 生成器:只需将您的属性/字段值复制到匿名类型并对其进行哈希处理:

new { PropA, PropB, PropC, PropD }.GetHashCode();

这适用于任意数量的属性。它不使用拳击。它只是使用已经在匿名类型框架中实现的算法。

于 2011-01-07T21:38:29.767 回答
110

这是我的哈希码助手。
它的优点是它使用泛型类型参数,因此不会导致装箱:

public static class HashHelper
{
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2)
    {
         unchecked
         {
             return 31 * arg1.GetHashCode() + arg2.GetHashCode();
         }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = 31 * hash + arg2.GetHashCode();
            return 31 * hash + arg3.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, 
        T4 arg4)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = 31 * hash + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = 31 * hash + arg3.GetHashCode();
            return 31 * hash + arg4.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T>(T[] list)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = 0;
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                hash = 31 * hash + item.GetHashCode();
            }
            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T>(IEnumerable<T> list)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = 0;
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                hash = 31 * hash + item.GetHashCode();
            }
            return hash;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets a hashcode for a collection for that the order of items 
    /// does not matter.
    /// So {1, 2, 3} and {3, 2, 1} will get same hash code.
    /// </summary>
    public static int GetHashCodeForOrderNoMatterCollection<T>(
        IEnumerable<T> list)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = 0;
            int count = 0;
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                hash += item.GetHashCode();
                count++;
            }
            return 31 * hash + count.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Alternative way to get a hashcode is to use a fluent 
    /// interface like this:<br />
    /// return 0.CombineHashCode(field1).CombineHashCode(field2).
    ///     CombineHashCode(field3);
    /// </summary>
    public static int CombineHashCode<T>(this int hashCode, T arg)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            return 31 * hashCode + arg.GetHashCode();   
        }
    }

它还具有扩展方法来提供流畅的界面,因此您可以像这样使用它:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    return HashHelper.GetHashCode(Manufacturer, PartN, Quantity);
}

或像这样:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    return 0.CombineHashCode(Manufacturer)
        .CombineHashCode(PartN)
        .CombineHashCode(Quantity);
}
于 2010-04-04T18:26:08.263 回答
101

使用System.HashCode

如果您使用的是 .NET Standard 2.1 或更高版本,则可以使用System.HashCode结构。在早期的框架中,它可以从Microsoft.Bcl.HashCode包中获得。有两种使用方法:

哈希码组合

Combine方法可用于创建一个哈希码,最多给定八个对象。

public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(this.object1, this.object2);

HashCode.Add

Add方法可帮助您处理集合:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    var hashCode = new HashCode();
    hashCode.Add(this.object1);
    foreach (var item in this.collection)
    {
        hashCode.Add(item);
    }
    return hashCode.ToHashCode();
}

GetHashCode 变得简单

一个替代方案System.HashCode是超级容易使用,同时仍然很快。您可以阅读完整的博客文章“ GetHashCode Made Easy ”以获取更多详细信息和评论。

使用示例

public class SuperHero
{
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<string> Powers { get; set; }

    public override int GetHashCode() =>
        HashCode.Of(this.Name).And(this.Age).AndEach(this.Powers);
}

执行

public struct HashCode : IEquatable<HashCode>
{
    private const int EmptyCollectionPrimeNumber = 19;
    private readonly int value;

    private HashCode(int value) => this.value = value;

    public static implicit operator int(HashCode hashCode) => hashCode.value;

    public static bool operator ==(HashCode left, HashCode right) => left.Equals(right);

    public static bool operator !=(HashCode left, HashCode right) => !(left == right);

    public static HashCode Of<T>(T item) => new HashCode(GetHashCode(item));

    public static HashCode OfEach<T>(IEnumerable<T> items) =>
        items == null ? new HashCode(0) : new HashCode(GetHashCode(items, 0));

    public HashCode And<T>(T item) => 
        new HashCode(CombineHashCodes(this.value, GetHashCode(item)));

    public HashCode AndEach<T>(IEnumerable<T> items)
    {
        if (items == null)
        {
            return new HashCode(this.value);
        }

        return new HashCode(GetHashCode(items, this.value));
    }

    public bool Equals(HashCode other) => this.value.Equals(other.value);

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (obj is HashCode)
        {
            return this.Equals((HashCode)obj);
        }

        return false;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() => this.value.GetHashCode();

    private static int CombineHashCodes(int h1, int h2)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            // Code copied from System.Tuple a good way to combine hashes.
            return ((h1 << 5) + h1) ^ h2;
        }
    }

    private static int GetHashCode<T>(T item) => item?.GetHashCode() ?? 0;

    private static int GetHashCode<T>(IEnumerable<T> items, int startHashCode)
    {
        var temp = startHashCode;

        var enumerator = items.GetEnumerator();
        if (enumerator.MoveNext())
        {
            temp = CombineHashCodes(temp, GetHashCode(enumerator.Current));

            while (enumerator.MoveNext())
            {
                temp = CombineHashCodes(temp, GetHashCode(enumerator.Current));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            temp = CombineHashCodes(temp, EmptyCollectionPrimeNumber);
        }

        return temp;
    }
}

什么是好的算法?

表现

计算哈希码的算法需要很快。一个简单的算法通常会更快。不分配额外内存的一个也将减少垃圾收集的需求,这反过来也将提高性能。

特别是在 C# 哈希函数中,您经常使用unchecked停止溢出检查的关键字来提高性能。

确定性

散列算法需要是确定性的,即给定相同的输入,它必须始终产生相同的输出。

减少碰撞

计算哈希码的算法需要将哈希冲突保持在最低限度。哈希冲突是当GetHashCode对两个不同对象的两次调用产生相同的哈希码时发生的情况。请注意,允许碰撞(有些人误解为不允许碰撞),但应将其保持在最低限度。

很多散列函数都包含像17or这样的幻数23。这些是特殊的素数,由于它们的数学特性,与使用非素数相比,它们有助于减少散列冲突。

哈希均匀度

一个好的散列函数应该在其输出范围内尽可能均匀地映射预期输入,即它应该基于其均匀分布的输入输出广泛的散列。它应该具有哈希一致性。

防止 DoS

在 .NET Core 中,每次重新启动应用程序时,都会得到不同的哈希码。这是一项防止拒绝服务攻击 (DoS) 的安全功能。对于 .NET Framework,您应该通过添加以下 App.config 文件来启用此功能:

<?xml version ="1.0"?>  
<configuration>  
   <runtime>  
      <UseRandomizedStringHashAlgorithm enabled="1" />  
   </runtime>  
</configuration>

由于这个特性,哈希码不应该在创建它们的应用程序域之外使用,它们不应该被用作集合中的关键字段并且它们不应该被持久化。

在此处阅读有关此内容的更多信息。

加密安全?

该算法不必是密码散列函数。这意味着它不必满足以下条件:

  • 生成产生给定哈希值的消息是不可行的。
  • 找到两个具有相同哈希值的不同消息是不可行的。
  • 对消息的微小更改应该会如此广泛地更改哈希值,以致新的哈希值看起来与旧的哈希值不相关(雪崩效应)。
于 2019-06-11T08:34:08.600 回答
65

我在 Helper 库中有一个 Hashing 类,我将其用于此目的。

/// <summary> 
/// This is a simple hashing function from Robert Sedgwicks Hashing in C book.
/// Also, some simple optimizations to the algorithm in order to speed up
/// its hashing process have been added. from: www.partow.net
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input">array of objects, parameters combination that you need
/// to get a unique hash code for them</param>
/// <returns>Hash code</returns>
public static int RSHash(params object[] input)
{
    const int b = 378551;
    int a = 63689;
    int hash = 0;

    // If it overflows then just wrap around
    unchecked
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
        {
            if (input[i] != null)
            {
                hash = hash * a + input[i].GetHashCode();
                a = a * b;
            }
        }
    }

    return hash;
}

然后,您可以简单地将其用作:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    return Hashing.RSHash(_field1, _field2, _field3);
}

我没有评估它的性能,所以欢迎任何反馈。

于 2009-02-23T11:46:55.650 回答
59

这是我使用Jon Skeet 实现的助手类。

public static class HashCode
{
    public const int Start = 17;

    public static int Hash<T>(this int hash, T obj)
    {
        var h = EqualityComparer<T>.Default.GetHashCode(obj);
        return unchecked((hash * 31) + h);
    }
}

用法:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    return HashCode.Start
        .Hash(_field1)
        .Hash(_field2)
        .Hash(_field3);
}

如果您想避免为 System.Int32 编写扩展方法:

public readonly struct HashCode
{
    private readonly int _value;

    public HashCode(int value) => _value = value;

    public static HashCode Start { get; } = new HashCode(17);

    public static implicit operator int(HashCode hash) => hash._value;

    public HashCode Hash<T>(T obj)
    {
        var h = EqualityComparer<T>.Default.GetHashCode(obj);
        return unchecked(new HashCode((_value * 31) + h));
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() => _value;
}

它仍然避免了任何堆分配,并且使用方式完全相同:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    // This time `HashCode.Start` is not an `Int32`, it's a `HashCode` instance.
    // And the result is implicitly converted to `Int32`.
    return HashCode.Start
        .Hash(_field1)
        .Hash(_field2)     
        .Hash(_field3);
}

编辑(2018 年 5 月):EqualityComparer<T>.Defaultgetter 现在是 JIT 内在函数——Stephen Toub 在这篇博文中提到了拉取请求

于 2013-09-04T12:32:48.913 回答
30

在 Equals() 比较多个字段的大多数情况下,您的 GetHash() 是否在一个字段或多个字段上散列并不重要。您只需要确保计算哈希真的很便宜(请不要分配)和快速(没有繁重的计算,当然也没有数据库连接)并提供良好的分布。

繁重的工作应该是 Equals() 方法的一部分;散列应该是一个非常便宜的操作,可以在尽可能少的项目上调用 Equals()。

最后一个提示:不要依赖 GetHashCode() 在多个应用程序运行中保持稳定。许多 .Net 类型不保证其哈希码在重新启动后保持不变,因此您应该只将 GetHashCode() 的值用于内存数据结构。

于 2009-02-23T11:55:44.350 回答
27

直到最近,我的回答都非常接近 Jon Skeet 的回答。然而,我最近开始了一个使用二次幂哈希表的项目,即内部表大小为 8、16、32 等的哈希表。支持质数大小是有充分理由的,但是也是二次方大小的一些优势。

它非常糟糕。因此,经过一些实验和研究后,我开始使用以下内容重新散列我的哈希:

public static int ReHash(int source)
{
  unchecked
  {
    ulong c = 0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEF + (ulong)source;
    ulong d = 0xE2ADBEEFDEADBEEF ^ c;
    ulong a = d += c = c << 15 | c >> -15;
    ulong b = a += d = d << 52 | d >> -52;
    c ^= b += a = a << 26 | a >> -26;
    d ^= c += b = b << 51 | b >> -51;
    a ^= d += c = c << 28 | c >> -28;
    b ^= a += d = d << 9 | d >> -9;
    c ^= b += a = a << 47 | a >> -47;
    d ^= c += b << 54 | b >> -54;
    a ^= d += c << 32 | c >> 32;
    a += d << 25 | d >> -25;
    return (int)(a >> 1);
  }
}

然后我的二次幂哈希表不再糟糕了。

但这让我感到不安,因为上述内容不应该起作用。或者更准确地说,它不应该起作用,除非原件GetHashCode()以非常特殊的方式很差。

重新混合一个哈希码并不能改进一个很好的哈希码,因为唯一可能的效果是我们引入了更多的冲突。

重新混合哈希码并不能改善糟糕的哈希码,因为唯一可能的影响是我们将值 53 上的大量冲突更改为大量值 18,3487,291。

重新混合散列码只能改进散列码,该散列码在避免其范围内的绝对冲突(2 32 个可能值)方面至少做得相当好,但在对散列表中的实际使用进行取模时在避免冲突方面表现不佳。虽然 2 的幂表的更简单的模数使这一点更加明显,但它也对更常见的素数表产生了负面影响,这并不那么明显(重新散列的额外工作将超过好处,但好处仍然存在)。

编辑:我也在使用开放寻址,这也会增加对碰撞的敏感性,也许比它是二次幂的事实更重要。

好吧,令人不安的是.NETstring.GetHashCode()中的实现(或在此处研究)可以通过这种方式改进多少(由于更少的冲突,测试运行速度提高了大约 20-30 倍),更令人不安的是我自己的哈希码有多少可以改进(远不止这些)。

我过去编写的所有 GetHashCode() 实现,并且确实用作该站点上答案的基础,都比我通过的要糟糕得多。很多时候它对于大部分用途来说“足够好”,但我想要更好的东西。

所以我把那个项目放在一边(无论如何它是一个宠物项目),并开始研究如何在 .NET 中快速生成一个好的、分布良好的哈希码。

最后,我决定将SpookyHash移植到 .NET。实际上,上面的代码是使用 SpookyHash 从 32 位输入生成 32 位输出的快速路径版本。

现在,SpookyHash 不是一个快速记住代码的好方法。我的端口更是如此,因为我手动内联了很多以提高速度*。但这就是代码重用的目的。

然后我把那个项目放在一边,因为就像原来的项目产生了如何产生更好的哈希码的问题一样,这个项目产生了如何产生更好的 .NET memcpy 的问题。

然后我回来了,并产生了很多重载,以便轻松地将几乎所有本机类型(decimal†除外)提供给哈希码。

它的速度很快,Bob Jenkins 应该得到大部分的赞誉,因为我从中移植的他的原始代码仍然更快,尤其是在算法优化的 64 位机器上‡。

完整的代码可以在https://bitbucket.org/JonHanna/spookilysharp/src看到,但考虑到上面的代码是它的简化版本。

但是,由于它现在已经编写好了,因此可以更轻松地使用它:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
  var hash = new SpookyHash();
  hash.Update(field1);
  hash.Update(field2);
  hash.Update(field3);
  return hash.Final().GetHashCode();
}

它还需要种子值,因此如果您需要处理不受信任的输入并希望防止 Hash DoS 攻击,您可以根据正常运行时间或类似设置设置种子,并使攻击者无法预测结果:

private static long hashSeed0 = Environment.TickCount;
private static long hashSeed1 = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
public override int GetHashCode()
{
  //produce different hashes ever time this application is restarted
  //but remain consistent in each run, so attackers have a harder time
  //DoSing the hash tables.
  var hash = new SpookyHash(hashSeed0, hashSeed1);
  hash.Update(field1);
  hash.Update(field2);
  hash.Update(field3);
  return hash.Final().GetHashCode();
}

*其中一个很大的惊喜是手动内联旋转方法返回(x << n) | (x >> -n)了改进的东西。我本来可以肯定抖动会为我内联,但分析显示并非如此。

†<code>decimal 虽然来自 C#,但从 .NET 的角度来看并不是原生的。它的问题在于它自己GetHashCode()将精度视为重要,而它自己Equals()则没有。两者都是有效的选择,但不能像那样混合。在实现您自己的版本时,您需要选择做一个或另一个,但我不知道您想要哪个。

‡通过比较。如果在字符串上使用,64 位上的 SpookyHash 比 32 位上的速度要快得多string.GetHashCode(),32 位上的速度略快string.GetHashCode()于 64 位上的速度,这比 32 位上的 SpookyHash 快得多,尽管仍然足够快,可以作为一个合理的选择。

于 2014-01-14T14:15:33.613 回答
19

https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/pull/14863开始,有一种生成哈希码的新方法非常简单!写吧

public override int GetHashCode()
    => HashCode.Combine(field1, field2, field3);

这将生成高质量的哈希码,而您不必担心实现细节。

于 2017-11-23T15:06:05.963 回答
13

这个不错:

/// <summary>
/// Helper class for generating hash codes suitable 
/// for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. 
/// </summary>
public static class HashCodeHelper
{
    private static int GetHashCodeInternal(int key1, int key2)
    {
        unchecked
        {
           var num = 0x7e53a269;
           num = (-1521134295 * num) + key1;
           num += (num << 10);
           num ^= (num >> 6);

           num = ((-1521134295 * num) + key2);
           num += (num << 10);
           num ^= (num >> 6);

           return num;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="arr">An array of objects used for generating the 
    /// hash code.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode(params object[] arr)
    {
        int hash = 0;
        foreach (var item in arr)
            hash = GetHashCodeInternal(hash, item.GetHashCode());
        return hash;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj3">The third object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj4">The fourth object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and
    /// data structures like a hash table.
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2, T3 obj3,
        T4 obj4)
    {
        return GetHashCode(obj1, GetHashCode(obj2, obj3, obj4));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj3">The third object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2, T3 obj3)
    {
        return GetHashCode(obj1, GetHashCode(obj2, obj3));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2)
    {
        return GetHashCodeInternal(obj1.GetHashCode(), obj2.GetHashCode());
    }
}

以下是如何使用它:

private struct Key
{
    private Type _type;
    private string _field;

    public Type Type { get { return _type; } }
    public string Field { get { return _field; } }

    public Key(Type type, string field)
    {
        _type = type;
        _field = field;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return HashCodeHelper.GetHashCode(_field, _type);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (!(obj is Key))
            return false;
        var tf = (Key)obj;
        return tf._field.Equals(_field) && tf._type.Equals(_type);
    }
}
于 2010-10-07T10:51:06.490 回答
10

这是Jon Skeet 在上面发布的算法的另一个流畅实现,但不包括分配或装箱操作:

public static class Hash
{
    public const int Base = 17;

    public static int HashObject(this int hash, object obj)
    {
        unchecked { return hash * 23 + (obj == null ? 0 : obj.GetHashCode()); }
    }

    public static int HashValue<T>(this int hash, T value)
        where T : struct
    {
        unchecked { return hash * 23 + value.GetHashCode(); }
    }
}

用法:

public class MyType<T>
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public string Description { get; set; }

    public int Value { get; set; }

    public IEnumerable<T> Children { get; set; }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return Hash.Base
            .HashObject(this.Name)
            .HashObject(this.Description)
            .HashValue(this.Value)
            .HashObject(this.Children);
    }
}

由于泛型类型约束,编译器将确保HashValue不使用类调用。但是没有编译器支持,HashObject因为添加通用参数也会添加装箱操作。

于 2014-01-20T23:41:33.107 回答
8

这是我的简单方法。我为此使用了经典的构建器模式。它是类型安全的(无装箱/拆箱)并且与 .NET 2.0 兼容(无扩展方法等)。

它是这样使用的:

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    HashBuilder b = new HashBuilder();
    b.AddItems(this.member1, this.member2, this.member3);
    return b.Result;
} 

这是实际的构建器类:

internal class HashBuilder
{
    private const int Prime1 = 17;
    private const int Prime2 = 23;
    private int result = Prime1;

    public HashBuilder()
    {
    }

    public HashBuilder(int startHash)
    {
        this.result = startHash;
    }

    public int Result
    {
        get
        {
            return this.result;
        }
    }

    public void AddItem<T>(T item)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            this.result = this.result * Prime2 + item.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2>(T1 item1, T2 item2)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2, T3>(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
        this.AddItem(item3);
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3, 
        T4 item4)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
        this.AddItem(item3);
        this.AddItem(item4);
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3, 
        T4 item4, T5 item5)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
        this.AddItem(item3);
        this.AddItem(item4);
        this.AddItem(item5);
    }        

    public void AddItems<T>(params T[] items)
    {
        foreach (T item in items)
        {
            this.AddItem(item);
        }
    }
}
于 2011-03-22T12:15:48.587 回答
6

如果我们的属性不超过 8 个(希望如此),这是另一种选择。

ValueTuple是一个结构,似乎有一个可靠的GetHashCode实现。

这意味着我们可以简单地这样做:

// Yay, no allocations and no custom implementations!
public override int GetHashCode() => (this.PropA, this.PropB).GetHashCode();

让我们看一下 .NET Core 当前对ValueTuple's的实现GetHashCode

这是来自ValueTuple

    internal static int CombineHashCodes(int h1, int h2)
    {
        return HashHelpers.Combine(HashHelpers.Combine(HashHelpers.RandomSeed, h1), h2);
    }

    internal static int CombineHashCodes(int h1, int h2, int h3)
    {
        return HashHelpers.Combine(CombineHashCodes(h1, h2), h3);
    }

这是来自HashHelper

    public static readonly int RandomSeed = Guid.NewGuid().GetHashCode();

    public static int Combine(int h1, int h2)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            // RyuJIT optimizes this to use the ROL instruction
            // Related GitHub pull request: dotnet/coreclr#1830
            uint rol5 = ((uint)h1 << 5) | ((uint)h1 >> 27);
            return ((int)rol5 + h1) ^ h2;
        }
    }

用英语:

  • 左旋转(循环移位)h1 5 个位置。
  • 将结果和 h1 加在一起。
  • 将结果与 h2 进行异或。
  • 首先对{静态随机种子,h1}执行上述操作。
  • 对于每个进一步的项目,对上一个结果和下一个项目(例如 h2)执行操作。

如果能更多地了解这个 ROL-5 哈希码算法的属性,那就太好了。

ValueTuple遗憾的是,我们自己的延迟GetHashCode可能没有我们希望和期望的那么快。相关讨论中的此评论说明直接调用HashHelpers.Combine的性能更高。另一方面,那个是内部的,所以我们必须复制代码,牺牲我们在这里获得的大部分内容。此外,我们将负责记住首先Combine使用随机种子。我不知道如果我们跳过这一步会有什么后果。

于 2018-05-15T12:00:46.480 回答
5

ReSharper用户可以使用ReSharper -> Edit -> Generate Code -> Equality Members.

// ReSharper's GetHashCode looks like this
public override int GetHashCode() {
    unchecked {
        int hashCode = Id;
        hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ IntMember;
        hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ OtherIntMember;
        hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ (RefMember != null ? RefMember.GetHashCode() : 0);
        // ...
        return hashCode;
    }
}
于 2016-09-01T19:19:17.957 回答
3

我的大部分工作都是通过数据库连接完成的,这意味着我的类都具有来自数据库的唯一标识符。我总是使用数据库中的 ID 来生成哈希码。

// Unique ID from database
private int _id;

...    
{
  return _id.GetHashCode();
}
于 2008-11-05T05:03:24.743 回答
3

与 nightcoder 的解决方案非常相似,只是如果您愿意,它更容易提高质数。

PS:这是你在嘴里吐一点的时候之一,知道这可以重构为一种具有 9 个默认值的方法,但它会更慢,所以你只需闭上眼睛,试着忘记它。

/// <summary>
/// Try not to look at the source code. It works. Just rely on it.
/// </summary>
public static class HashHelper
{
    private const int PrimeOne = 17;
    private const int PrimeTwo = 23;

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4, T5 arg5, T6 arg6, T7 arg7, T8 arg8, T9 arg9, T10 arg10)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg5.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg6.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg7.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg8.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg9.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg10.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4, T5 arg5, T6 arg6, T7 arg7, T8 arg8, T9 arg9)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg5.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg6.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg7.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg8.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg9.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4, T5 arg5, T6 arg6, T7 arg7, T8 arg8)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg5.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg6.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg7.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg8.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4, T5 arg5, T6 arg6, T7 arg7)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg5.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg6.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg7.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4, T5 arg5, T6 arg6)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg5.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg6.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4, T5 arg5)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg5.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg4.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg3.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }

    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            int hash = PrimeOne;
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg1.GetHashCode();
            hash = hash * PrimeTwo + arg2.GetHashCode();

            return hash;
        }
    }
}
于 2014-10-21T17:49:34.040 回答
2

微软领导了几种散列方式......

//for classes that contain a single int value
return this.value;

//for classes that contain multiple int value
return x ^ y;

//for classes that contain single number bigger than int    
return ((int)value ^ (int)(value >> 32)); 

//for classes that contain class instance fields which inherit from object
return obj1.GetHashCode();

//for classes that contain multiple class instance fields which inherit from object
return obj1.GetHashCode() ^ obj2.GetHashCode() ^ obj3.GetHashCode(); 

我可以猜测对于多个大 int 你可以使用这个:

int a=((int)value1 ^ (int)(value1 >> 32));
int b=((int)value2 ^ (int)(value2 >> 32));
int c=((int)value3 ^ (int)(value3 >> 32));
return a ^ b ^ c;

多类型也是如此:首先将所有转换为int使用,GetHashCode() 然后 int 值将被异或,结果是您的哈希。

对于那些使用hash作为ID(我的意思是唯一值)的人来说,hash自然被限制在一个数字内,我认为散列算法是5个字节,至少是MD5。

您可以将多个值转换为一个散列值,其中一些是相同的,因此不要将其用作标识符。(也许有一天我会使用你的组件)

于 2012-11-30T19:35:52.257 回答
1

使用上面选择的实现,我遇到了浮点数和小数的问题。

该测试失败(浮点数;即使我将 2 个值切换为负数,哈希也是相同的):

        var obj1 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = 100m, D = 100m};
        var obj2 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = -100m, D = -100m};
        var hash1 = ComputeHash(obj1.A, obj1.B, obj1.C, obj1.D);
        var hash2 = ComputeHash(obj2.A, obj2.B, obj2.C, obj2.D);
        Assert.IsFalse(hash1 == hash2, string.Format("Hashcode values should be different   hash1:{0}  hash2:{1}",hash1,hash2));

但是这个测试通过了(带整数):

        var obj1 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = 100, D = 100};
        var obj2 = new { A = 100m, B = 100m, C = -100, D = -100};
        var hash1 = ComputeHash(obj1.A, obj1.B, obj1.C, obj1.D);
        var hash2 = ComputeHash(obj2.A, obj2.B, obj2.C, obj2.D);
        Assert.IsFalse(hash1 == hash2, string.Format("Hashcode values should be different   hash1:{0}  hash2:{1}",hash1,hash2));

我将实现更改为不对原始类型使用 GetHashCode,它似乎效果更好

    private static int InternalComputeHash(params object[] obj)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            var result = (int)SEED_VALUE_PRIME;
            for (uint i = 0; i < obj.Length; i++)
            {
                var currval = result;
                var nextval = DetermineNextValue(obj[i]);
                result = (result * MULTIPLIER_VALUE_PRIME) + nextval;

            }
            return result;
        }
    }



    private static int DetermineNextValue(object value)
    {
        unchecked
        {

                int hashCode;
                if (value is short
                    || value is int
                    || value is byte
                    || value is sbyte
                    || value is uint
                    || value is ushort
                    || value is ulong
                    || value is long
                    || value is float
                    || value is double
                    || value is decimal)
                {
                    return Convert.ToInt32(value);
                }
                else
                {
                    return value != null ? value.GetHashCode() : 0;
                }
        }
    }
于 2014-09-28T16:44:25.590 回答
1

这是一个实现 Josh Bloch 实现的静态助手类;并提供显式重载以“防止”装箱,并专门为长原语实现散列。

您可以传递与您的 equals 实现匹配的字符串比较。

因为 Hash 输出始终是一个 int,所以您可以只链接 Hash 调用。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;


namespace Sc.Util.System
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Static methods that allow easy implementation of hashCode. Example usage:
    /// <code>
    /// public override int GetHashCode()
    ///     => HashCodeHelper.Seed
    ///         .Hash(primitiveField)
    ///         .Hsh(objectField)
    ///         .Hash(iEnumerableField);
    /// </code>
    /// </summary>
    public static class HashCodeHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// An initial value for a hashCode, to which is added contributions from fields.
        /// Using a non-zero value decreases collisions of hashCode values.
        /// </summary>
        public const int Seed = 23;

        private const int oddPrimeNumber = 37;


        /// <summary>
        /// Rotates the seed against a prime number.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The hash's first term.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        private static int rotateFirstTerm(int aSeed)
        {
            unchecked {
                return HashCodeHelper.oddPrimeNumber * aSeed;
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a boolean to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aBoolean">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, bool aBoolean)
        {
            unchecked {
                return HashCodeHelper.rotateFirstTerm(aSeed)
                        + (aBoolean
                                ? 1
                                : 0);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a char to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aChar">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, char aChar)
        {
            unchecked {
                return HashCodeHelper.rotateFirstTerm(aSeed)
                        + aChar;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes an int to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// Note that byte and short are handled by this method, through implicit conversion.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aInt">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, int aInt)
        {
            unchecked {
                return HashCodeHelper.rotateFirstTerm(aSeed)
                        + aInt;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a long to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aLong">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, long aLong)
        {
            unchecked {
                return HashCodeHelper.rotateFirstTerm(aSeed)
                        + (int)(aLong ^ (aLong >> 32));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a float to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aFloat">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, float aFloat)
        {
            unchecked {
                return HashCodeHelper.rotateFirstTerm(aSeed)
                        + Convert.ToInt32(aFloat);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a double to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aDouble">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, double aDouble)
            => aSeed.Hash(Convert.ToInt64(aDouble));

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a string to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aString">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <param name="stringComparison">Optional comparison that creates the hash.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(
                this int aSeed,
                string aString,
                StringComparison stringComparison = StringComparison.Ordinal)
        {
            if (aString == null)
                return aSeed.Hash(0);
            switch (stringComparison) {
                case StringComparison.CurrentCulture :
                    return StringComparer.CurrentCulture.GetHashCode(aString);
                case StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase :
                    return StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase.GetHashCode(aString);
                case StringComparison.InvariantCulture :
                    return StringComparer.InvariantCulture.GetHashCode(aString);
                case StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase :
                    return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.GetHashCode(aString);
                case StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase :
                    return StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.GetHashCode(aString);
                default :
                    return StringComparer.Ordinal.GetHashCode(aString);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a possibly-null array to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// Each element may be a primitive, a reference, or a possibly-null array.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aArray">CAN be null.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, IEnumerable aArray)
        {
            if (aArray == null)
                return aSeed.Hash(0);
            int countPlusOne = 1; // So it differs from null
            foreach (object item in aArray) {
                ++countPlusOne;
                if (item is IEnumerable arrayItem) {
                    if (!object.ReferenceEquals(aArray, arrayItem))
                        aSeed = aSeed.Hash(arrayItem); // recursive call!
                } else
                    aSeed = aSeed.Hash(item);
            }
            return aSeed.Hash(countPlusOne);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a possibly-null array to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// You must provide the hash function for each element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aArray">CAN be null.</param>
        /// <param name="hashElement">Required: yields the hash for each element
        /// in <paramref name="aArray"/>.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash<T>(this int aSeed, IEnumerable<T> aArray, Func<T, int> hashElement)
        {
            if (aArray == null)
                return aSeed.Hash(0);
            int countPlusOne = 1; // So it differs from null
            foreach (T item in aArray) {
                ++countPlusOne;
                aSeed = aSeed.Hash(hashElement(item));
            }
            return aSeed.Hash(countPlusOne);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Contributes a possibly-null object to the developing HashCode seed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="aObject">CAN be null.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int Hash(this int aSeed, object aObject)
        {
            switch (aObject) {
                case null :
                    return aSeed.Hash(0);
                case bool b :
                    return aSeed.Hash(b);
                case char c :
                    return aSeed.Hash(c);
                case int i :
                    return aSeed.Hash(i);
                case long l :
                    return aSeed.Hash(l);
                case float f :
                    return aSeed.Hash(f);
                case double d :
                    return aSeed.Hash(d);
                case string s :
                    return aSeed.Hash(s);
                case IEnumerable iEnumerable :
                    return aSeed.Hash(iEnumerable);
            }
            return aSeed.Hash(aObject.GetHashCode());
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// This utility method uses reflection to iterate all specified properties that are readable
        /// on the given object, excluding any property names given in the params arguments, and
        /// generates a hashcode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing hash code, or the seed: if you have no seed, use
        /// the <see cref="Seed"/>.</param>
        /// <param name="aObject">CAN be null.</param>
        /// <param name="propertySelector"><see cref="BindingFlags"/> to select the properties to hash.</param>
        /// <param name="ignorePropertyNames">Optional.</param>
        /// <returns>A hash from the properties contributed to <c>aSeed</c>.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int HashAllProperties(
                this int aSeed,
                object aObject,
                BindingFlags propertySelector
                        = BindingFlags.Instance
                        | BindingFlags.Public
                        | BindingFlags.GetProperty,
                params string[] ignorePropertyNames)
        {
            if (aObject == null)
                return aSeed.Hash(0);
            if ((ignorePropertyNames != null)
                    && (ignorePropertyNames.Length != 0)) {
                foreach (PropertyInfo propertyInfo in aObject.GetType()
                        .GetProperties(propertySelector)) {
                    if (!propertyInfo.CanRead
                            || (Array.IndexOf(ignorePropertyNames, propertyInfo.Name) >= 0))
                        continue;
                    aSeed = aSeed.Hash(propertyInfo.GetValue(aObject));
                }
            } else {
                foreach (PropertyInfo propertyInfo in aObject.GetType()
                        .GetProperties(propertySelector)) {
                    if (propertyInfo.CanRead)
                        aSeed = aSeed.Hash(propertyInfo.GetValue(aObject));
                }
            }
            return aSeed;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// NOTICE: this method is provided to contribute a <see cref="KeyValuePair{TKey,TValue}"/> to
        /// the developing HashCode seed; by hashing the key and the value independently. HOWEVER,
        /// this method has a different name since it will not be automatically invoked by
        /// <see cref="Hash(int,object)"/>, <see cref="Hash(int,IEnumerable)"/>,
        /// or <see cref="HashAllProperties"/> --- you MUST NOT mix this method with those unless
        /// you are sure that no KeyValuePair instances will be passed to those methods; or otherwise
        /// the generated hash code will not be consistent. This method itself ALSO will not invoke
        /// this method on the Key or Value here if that itself is a KeyValuePair.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="keyValuePair">The value to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int HashKeyAndValue<TKey, TValue>(this int aSeed, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> keyValuePair)
            => aSeed.Hash(keyValuePair.Key)
                    .Hash(keyValuePair.Value);

        /// <summary>
        /// NOTICE: this method is provided to contribute a collection of <see cref="KeyValuePair{TKey,TValue}"/>
        /// to the developing HashCode seed; by hashing the key and the value independently. HOWEVER,
        /// this method has a different name since it will not be automatically invoked by
        /// <see cref="Hash(int,object)"/>, <see cref="Hash(int,IEnumerable)"/>,
        /// or <see cref="HashAllProperties"/> --- you MUST NOT mix this method with those unless
        /// you are sure that no KeyValuePair instances will be passed to those methods; or otherwise
        /// the generated hash code will not be consistent. This method itself ALSO will not invoke
        /// this method on a Key or Value here if that itself is a KeyValuePair or an Enumerable of
        /// KeyValuePair.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="aSeed">The developing HashCode value or seed.</param>
        /// <param name="keyValuePairs">The values to contribute.</param>
        /// <returns>The new hash code.</returns>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int HashKeysAndValues<TKey, TValue>(
                this int aSeed,
                IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> keyValuePairs)
        {
            if (keyValuePairs == null)
                return aSeed.Hash(null);
            foreach (KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> keyValuePair in keyValuePairs) {
                aSeed = aSeed.HashKeyAndValue(keyValuePair);
            }
            return aSeed;
        }
    }
}
于 2019-04-28T05:10:01.153 回答
0

如果你想HashCodenetstandard2.1

public static class HashCode
{
    public static int Combine(params object[] instances)
    {
        int hash = 17;

        foreach (var i in instances)
        {
            hash = unchecked((hash * 31) + (i?.GetHashCode() ?? 0));
        }

        return hash;
    }
}

注意:如果和 一起使用struct,会因为装箱而分配内存

于 2020-04-20T04:54:54.087 回答
0

可以尝试采用 C++ Boost 库中的方法。像这样的东西:

class HashUtil
{
  public static int HashCombine(int seed, int other)
  {
    unchecked
    {
      return other + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
    }
  }
}

进而:

class MyClass
{
  private string _field1;
  private int _field2;
  private AnotherClass _field3;
  private YetAnotherClass _field4;

  public override int GetHashCode()
  {
    int result = HashUtil.HashCombine(_field1.GetHashCode(), _field2);
    result = HashUtil.HashCombine(result, _field3.GetHashCode());
    return HashUtil.HashCombine(result, _field4.GetHashCode());
  }
}
于 2021-01-25T19:40:41.990 回答
-1

我想将我的最新发现添加到我经常回来的这个线程中。

我当前的视觉工作室/项目设置提供了自动将元组重构为结构的功能。这将生成一个 GetHashCode 函数,如下所示:

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            int hashCode = -2088324004;
            hashCode = hashCode * -1521134295 + AuftragGesperrt.GetHashCode();
            hashCode = hashCode * -1521134295 + Auftrag_gesperrt_von.GetHashCode();
            hashCode = hashCode * -1521134295 + Auftrag_gesperrt_am.GetHashCode();
            return hashCode;
        }
于 2021-02-18T14:04:27.333 回答