35

在 bash 脚本中，我想在变量中获取光标列。看起来使用 ANSI 转义码{ESC}[6n是获取它的唯一方法，例如以下方式：

# Query the cursor position
echo -en '\033[6n'

# Read it to a variable
read -d R CURCOL

# Extract the column from the variable
CURCOL="${CURCOL##*;}"

# We have the column in the variable
echo $CURCOL

不幸的是，这会将字符打印到标准输出，我想默默地做。此外，这不是很便携...

有没有一种纯粹的方式来实现这一点？

4

7 回答 7

42

你必须诉诸肮脏的伎俩：

#!/bin/bash
# based on a script from http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.faq.html
exec < /dev/tty
oldstty=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo min 0
# on my system, the following line can be replaced by the line below it
echo -en "\033[6n" > /dev/tty
# tput u7 > /dev/tty    # when TERM=xterm (and relatives)
IFS=';' read -r -d R -a pos
stty $oldstty
# change from one-based to zero based so they work with: tput cup $row $col
row=$((${pos[0]:2} - 1))    # strip off the esc-[
col=$((${pos[1]} - 1))
于 2010-04-04T18:57:07.797 回答
14

您可以告诉read使用-s标志静默工作：

echo -en "\E[6n"
read -sdR CURPOS
CURPOS=${CURPOS#*[}

然后 CURPOS 等于21;3.

于 2011-05-14T16:02:03.737 回答
6

如果其他人正在寻找这个，我在这里遇到了另一个解决方案： https ://github.com/dylanaraps/pure-bash-bible#get-the-current-cursor-position

以下是带有评论的略微修改的版本。

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# curpos -- demonstrate a method for fetching the cursor position in bash
#           modified version of https://github.com/dylanaraps/pure-bash-bible#get-the-current-cursor-position
# 
#========================================================================================
#-  
#-  THE METHOD
#-  
#-  IFS='[;' read -p $'\e[6n' -d R -a pos -rs || echo "failed with error: $? ; ${pos[*]}"
#-  
#-  THE BREAKDOWN
#-  
#-  $'\e[6n'                  # escape code, {ESC}[6n; 
#-  
#-    This is the escape code that queries the cursor postion. see XTerm Control Sequences (1)
#-  
#-    same as:
#-    $ echo -en '\033[6n'
#-    $ 6;1R                  # '^[[6;1R' with nonprintable characters
#-  
#-  read -p $'\e[6n'          # read [-p prompt]
#-  
#-    Passes the escape code via the prompt flag on the read command.
#-  
#-  IFS='[;'                  # characters used as word delimiter by read
#-  
#-    '^[[6;1R' is split into array ( '^[' '6' '1' )
#-    Note: the first element is a nonprintable character
#-  
#-  -d R                      # [-d delim]
#-  
#-    Tell read to stop at the R character instead of the default newline.
#-    See also help read.
#-  
#-  -a pos                    # [-a array]
#-  
#-    Store the results in an array named pos.
#-    Alternately you can specify variable names with positions: <NONPRINTALBE> <ROW> <COL> <NONPRINTALBE> 
#-    Or leave it blank to have all results stored in the string REPLY
#-  
#- -rs                        # raw, silent
#-  
#-    -r raw input, disable backslash escape
#-    -s silent mode
#-  
#- || echo "failed with error: $? ; ${pos[*]}"
#-  
#-     error handling
#-  
#-  ---
#-  (1) XTerm Control Sequences
#-      http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h2-Functions-using-CSI-_-ordered-by-the-final-character_s_
#========================================================================================
#-
#- CAVEATS
#-
#- - if this is run inside of a loop also using read, it may cause trouble. 
#-   to avoid this, use read -u 9 in your while loop. See safe-find.sh (*)
#-
#-
#-  ---
#-  (2) safe-find.sh by l0b0
#-      https://github.com/l0b0/tilde/blob/master/examples/safe-find.sh
#=========================================================================================


#================================================================
# fetch_cursor_position: returns the users cursor position
#                        at the time the function was called
# output "<row>:<col>"
#================================================================
fetch_cursor_position() {
  local pos

  IFS='[;' read -p $'\e[6n' -d R -a pos -rs || echo "failed with error: $? ; ${pos[*]}"
  echo "${pos[1]}:${pos[2]}"
}

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# print ten lines of random widths then fetch the cursor position
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 

MAX=$(( $(tput cols) - 15 ))

for i in {1..10}; do 
  cols=$(( $RANDOM % $MAX ))
  printf "%${cols}s"  | tr " " "="
  echo " $(fetch_cursor_position)"
done
于 2018-10-23T08:39:28.750 回答
4

您可以通过以下方式获取 bash 中的光标位置：

xdotool getmouselocation

$ x:542 y:321 screen:0 window:12345678

您也可以通过以下方式在终端上轻松测试它：

实时变体 1：

watch -ptn 0 "xdotool getmouselocation"

实时变体 2：

while true; do xdotool getmouselocation; sleep 0.2; clear; done
于 2021-10-16T10:36:57.260 回答
3

出于可移植性的考虑，我尝试制作一个兼容 POSIX 的香草版本，该版本将在 dash 等 shell 中运行：

#!/bin/sh

exec < /dev/tty
oldstty=$(stty -g)
stty raw -echo min 0
tput u7 > /dev/tty
sleep 1
IFS=';' read -r row col
stty $oldstty

row=$(expr $(expr substr $row 3 99) - 1)        # Strip leading escape off
col=$(expr ${col%R} - 1)                        # Strip trailing 'R' off

echo $col,$row

...但我似乎找不到 bash 的“ read -d ”的可行替代方案。没有睡眠，脚本会完全错过返回输出......

于 2012-09-09T18:39:00.473 回答
3

我的（两个）版本相同...

作为一个函数，设置特定变量，使用 ncurses 的用户定义命令：

getCPos () { 
    local v=() t=$(stty -g)
    stty -echo
    tput u7
    IFS='[;' read -rd R -a v
    stty $t
    CPos=(${v[@]:1})
}

比现在：

getCPos 
echo $CPos
21
echo ${CPos[1]}
1
echo ${CPos[@]}
21 1

declare -p CPos
declare -a CPos=([0]="48" [1]="1")

注意：我使用ncursescommand: tput u7at line#4希望这将比通过命令使用字符串更便携： ...不确定：无论如何这将适用于其中任何一个：VT220printf "\033[6n"

getCPos () { 
    local v=() t=$(stty -g)
    stty -echo
    printf "\033[6n"
    IFS='[;' read -ra v -d R
    stty $t
    CPos=(${v[@]:1})
}

在VT220兼容 TERM下工作时完全相同。

更多信息

您可能会在那里找到一些文档：

VT220 程序员参考手册 - 第 4 章

4.17.2 设备状态报告（DSR）

...

Host to VT220 (Req 4 cur pos)  CSI 6 n       "Please report your cursor position using a CPR (not DSR) control sequence."
  
VT220 to host (CPR response)   CSI Pv; Ph R  "My cursor is positioned at _____ (Pv); _____ (Ph)."
                                              Pv =  vertical position (row)
                                              Ph =  horizontal position (column)
于 2018-08-20T11:57:46.560 回答
-10

tput 命令是您需要使用的。简单，快速，没有输出到屏幕。

#!/bin/bash
col=`tput col`;
line=`tput line`;
于 2012-11-11T07:38:20.453 回答