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我有一个多行匹配的 pcregrep 命令，我想将其转换为 awk 或 sed 命令，因为我需要在 pcregrep 不可用的机器上使用它（OS X）。

原始命令：

ifconfig -a | pcregrep -M '^[a-z].*\n(\t[^\n]+\n)+\t[^\n]+baseTX' | grep -oE "^([a-z]+[^:]+)"

它输出包含字符串“baseTX”的接口名称（我发现的唯一方法可以可靠地找出 MacBook 上以太网接口的名称）。就我而言，“en4”。

输入文本如下所示：

lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
    options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM>
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 
    inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 
    nd6 options=1<PERFORMNUD>
gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280
en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx 
    inet6 xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxx%en0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 
    inet 10.xxx.xxx.xx netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.xxx.xxx.255
    inet6 xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx prefixlen 128 
    nd6 options=1<PERFORMNUD>
    media: autoselect
    status: active
en5: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    options=60<TSO4,TSO6>
    ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx 
    media: autoselect <full-duplex>
    status: inactive
en6: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    options=60<TSO4,TSO6>
    ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx 
    media: autoselect <full-duplex>
    status: inactive
en4: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    options=4<VLAN_MTU>
    ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx 
    inet6 xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx%en4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7 
    inet XX.XXX.XXX.XX netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast XX.XXX.XXX.XXX
    inet6 xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx prefixlen 128 
    nd6 options=1<PERFORMNUD>
    media: autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
    status: active
bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    options=63<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TSO4,TSO6>
    ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx 
    Configuration:
        id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0
        maxage 0 holdcnt 0 proto stp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200
        root id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 ifcost 0 port 0
        ipfilter disabled flags 0x2
    member: en5 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER>
            ifmaxaddr 0 port 5 priority 0 path cost 0
    member: en6 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER>
            ifmaxaddr 0 port 6 priority 0 path cost 0
    nd6 options=1<PERFORMNUD>
    media: <unknown type>
    status: inactive
p2p0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 2304
    ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx 
    media: autoselect
    status: inactive

如何使用 awk 或 sed 获取“en4”？我尝试了一个小时，但我只是不擅长 sed 和 awk。

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2 回答 2

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假设间距是一致的（前导空格仅在非标题行上），这应该有效：

awk -F: '/^[[:alpha:]]/ {iface=$1; next} /baseTX/ {print iface; exit}'
于 2014-09-08T13:49:46.930 回答
0

perl:

perl -0777 -nE 'say map {/^\w+/ && $&} grep {/baseTX/} split /^(?=\w+:)/m'
于 2014-09-08T15:33:45.630 回答