c# - 在没有 InstallUtil.exe 的情况下安装 .NET windows 服务

Question

我有一个用 C# 编写的标准 .NET windows 服务。

它可以在不使用 InstallUtil 的情况下自行安装吗？我应该使用服务安装程序类吗？我应该如何使用它？

我希望能够调用以下内容：

MyService.exe -install

它将与调用具有相同的效果：

InstallUtil MyService.exe

score 159 · Accepted Answer

是的，这是完全可能的（即我就是这样做的）；您只需要引用正确的 dll (System.ServiceProcess.dll) 并添加一个安装程序类...

这是一个例子：

[RunInstaller(true)]
public sealed class MyServiceInstallerProcess : ServiceProcessInstaller
{
    public MyServiceInstallerProcess()
    {
        this.Account = ServiceAccount.NetworkService;
    }
}

[RunInstaller(true)]
public sealed class MyServiceInstaller : ServiceInstaller
{
    public MyServiceInstaller()
    {
        this.Description = "Service Description";
        this.DisplayName = "Service Name";
        this.ServiceName = "ServiceName";
        this.StartType = System.ServiceProcess.ServiceStartMode.Automatic;
    }
}

static void Install(bool undo, string[] args)
{
    try
    {
        Console.WriteLine(undo ? "uninstalling" : "installing");
        using (AssemblyInstaller inst = new AssemblyInstaller(typeof(Program).Assembly, args))
        {
            IDictionary state = new Hashtable();
            inst.UseNewContext = true;
            try
            {
                if (undo)
                {
                    inst.Uninstall(state);
                }
                else
                {
                    inst.Install(state);
                    inst.Commit(state);
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                try
                {
                    inst.Rollback(state);
                }
                catch { }
                throw;
            }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.Error.WriteLine(ex.Message);
    }
}

score 40 · Accepted Answer

看一下ManagedInstaller类的InstallHelper方法。您可以使用以下方式安装服务：

string[] args;
ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(args);

这正是 InstallUtil 所做的。参数与 InstallUtil 相同。

这种方法的好处是它不涉及注册表的混乱，并且它使用与 InstallUtil 相同的机制。

score 19 · Accepted Answer

您总是可以回退到良好的旧 WinAPI 调用，尽管所涉及的工作量并非微不足道。不要求通过 .NET 感知机制安装 .NET 服务。

安装：

通过打开服务管理器OpenSCManager。
调用CreateService注册服务。
可选择调用ChangeServiceConfig2以设置描述。
使用关闭服务和服务管理器句柄CloseServiceHandle。

要卸载：

通过打开服务管理器OpenSCManager。
使用打开服务OpenService。
DeleteService通过调用返回的句柄删除服务OpenService。
使用关闭服务和服务管理器句柄CloseServiceHandle。

ServiceInstaller我更喜欢使用/的主要原因ServiceProcessInstaller是您可以使用自己的自定义命令行参数注册服务。例如，您可以将其注册为"MyApp.exe -service"，然后如果用户在没有任何参数的情况下运行您的应用程序，您可以为他们提供一个 UI 来安装/删除服务。

运行 Reflector onServiceInstaller可以填补这个简短解释中缺少的细节。

PS 显然，这不会有“与调用相同的效果：InstallUtil MyService.exe” - 特别是，您将无法使用 InstallUtil 进行卸载。但似乎这对你来说并不是一个真正的严格要求。

score 9 · Accepted Answer

这是我在编写服务时使用的一个类。我通常会在未调用服务时出现一个交互式屏幕。从那里我根据需要使用该课程。它允许在同一台机器上使用多个命名实例 - 因此 InstanceID 字段

样品电话

  IntegratedServiceInstaller Inst = new IntegratedServiceInstaller();
  Inst.Install("MySvc", "My Sample Service", "Service that executes something",
                    _InstanceID,
// System.ServiceProcess.ServiceAccount.LocalService,      // this is more secure, but only available in XP and above and WS-2003 and above
  System.ServiceProcess.ServiceAccount.LocalSystem,       // this is required for WS-2000
  System.ServiceProcess.ServiceStartMode.Automatic);
  if (controller == null)
  {
    controller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController(String.Format("MySvc_{0}", _InstanceID), ".");
                }
                if (controller.Status == System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
                {
                    Start_Stop.Text = "Stop Service";
                    Start_Stop_Debugging.Enabled = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    Start_Stop.Text = "Start Service";
                    Start_Stop_Debugging.Enabled = true;
                }

班级本身

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Microsoft.Win32;

namespace MySvc
{
    class IntegratedServiceInstaller
    {
        public void Install(String ServiceName, String DisplayName, String Description,
            String InstanceID,
            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceAccount Account, 
            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceStartMode StartMode)
        {
            //http://www.theblacksparrow.com/
            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller ProcessInstaller = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceProcessInstaller();
            ProcessInstaller.Account = Account;

            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller SINST = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller();

            System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext Context = new System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext();
            string processPath = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.FileName;
            if (processPath != null && processPath.Length > 0)
            {
                System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo(processPath);

                String path = String.Format("/assemblypath={0}", fi.FullName);
                String[] cmdline = { path };
                Context = new System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext("", cmdline);
            }

            SINST.Context = Context;
            SINST.DisplayName = String.Format("{0} - {1}", DisplayName, InstanceID);
            SINST.Description = String.Format("{0} - {1}", Description, InstanceID);
            SINST.ServiceName = String.Format("{0}_{1}", ServiceName, InstanceID);
            SINST.StartType = StartMode;
            SINST.Parent = ProcessInstaller;

            // http://bytes.com/forum/thread527221.html
            SINST.ServicesDependedOn = new String[] { "Spooler", "Netlogon", "Netman" };

            System.Collections.Specialized.ListDictionary state = new System.Collections.Specialized.ListDictionary();
            SINST.Install(state);

            // http://www.dotnet247.com/247reference/msgs/43/219565.aspx
            using (RegistryKey oKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(String.Format(@"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\{0}_{1}", ServiceName, InstanceID), true))
            {
                try
                {
                    Object sValue = oKey.GetValue("ImagePath");
                    oKey.SetValue("ImagePath", sValue);
                }
                catch (Exception Ex)
                {
                    System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(Ex.Message);
                }
            }

        }
        public void Uninstall(String ServiceName, String InstanceID)
        {
            //http://www.theblacksparrow.com/
            System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller SINST = new System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller();

            System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext Context = new System.Configuration.Install.InstallContext("c:\\install.log", null);
            SINST.Context = Context;
            SINST.ServiceName = String.Format("{0}_{1}", ServiceName, InstanceID);
            SINST.Uninstall(null);
        }
    }
}

score 5 · Accepted Answer

上面的例子对我来说真的不起作用，作为#1 解决方案的论坛链接很难挖掘。这是我写的一个类（部分），另一部分是从我发现埋在某处的这个链接中合并的

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace SystemControl {
    class Services {

#region "Environment Variables"
        public static string GetEnvironment(string name, bool ExpandVariables=true) {
            if ( ExpandVariables ) {
                return System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable( name );
            } else {
                return (string)Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey( @"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment\" ).GetValue( name, "", Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions.DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames );
            }
        }

        public static void SetEnvironment( string name, string value ) {
            System.Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, value);
        }
#endregion

#region "ServiceCalls Native"
        public static ServiceController[] List { get { return ServiceController.GetServices(); } }

        public static void Start( string serviceName, int timeoutMilliseconds ) {
            ServiceController service=new ServiceController( serviceName );
            try {
                TimeSpan timeout=TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds( timeoutMilliseconds );

                service.Start();
                service.WaitForStatus( ServiceControllerStatus.Running, timeout );
            } catch {
                // ...
            }
        }

        public static void Stop( string serviceName, int timeoutMilliseconds ) {
            ServiceController service=new ServiceController( serviceName );
            try {
                TimeSpan timeout=TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds( timeoutMilliseconds );

                service.Stop();
                service.WaitForStatus( ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, timeout );
            } catch {
                // ...
            }
        }

        public static void Restart( string serviceName, int timeoutMilliseconds ) {
            ServiceController service=new ServiceController( serviceName );
            try {
                int millisec1=Environment.TickCount;
                TimeSpan timeout=TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds( timeoutMilliseconds );

                service.Stop();
                service.WaitForStatus( ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, timeout );

                // count the rest of the timeout
                int millisec2=Environment.TickCount;
                timeout=TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds( timeoutMilliseconds-( millisec2-millisec1 ) );

                service.Start();
                service.WaitForStatus( ServiceControllerStatus.Running, timeout );
            } catch {
                // ...
            }
        }

        public static bool IsInstalled( string serviceName ) {
            // get list of Windows services
            ServiceController[] services=ServiceController.GetServices();

            // try to find service name
            foreach ( ServiceController service in services ) {
                if ( service.ServiceName==serviceName )
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
#endregion

#region "ServiceCalls API"
        private const int STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = 0xF0000;
        private const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x00000010;

        [Flags]
        public enum ServiceManagerRights {
            Connect = 0x0001,
            CreateService = 0x0002,
            EnumerateService = 0x0004,
            Lock = 0x0008,
            QueryLockStatus = 0x0010,
            ModifyBootConfig = 0x0020,
            StandardRightsRequired = 0xF0000,
            AllAccess = (StandardRightsRequired | Connect | CreateService |
            EnumerateService | Lock | QueryLockStatus | ModifyBootConfig)
        }

        [Flags]
        public enum ServiceRights {
            QueryConfig = 0x1,
            ChangeConfig = 0x2,
            QueryStatus = 0x4,
            EnumerateDependants = 0x8,
            Start = 0x10,
            Stop = 0x20,
            PauseContinue = 0x40,
            Interrogate = 0x80,
            UserDefinedControl = 0x100,
            Delete = 0x00010000,
            StandardRightsRequired = 0xF0000,
            AllAccess = (StandardRightsRequired | QueryConfig | ChangeConfig |
            QueryStatus | EnumerateDependants | Start | Stop | PauseContinue |
            Interrogate | UserDefinedControl)
        }

        public enum ServiceBootFlag {
            Start = 0x00000000,
            SystemStart = 0x00000001,
            AutoStart = 0x00000002,
            DemandStart = 0x00000003,
            Disabled = 0x00000004
        }

        public enum ServiceState {
            Unknown = -1, // The state cannot be (has not been) retrieved.
            NotFound = 0, // The service is not known on the host server.
            Stop = 1, // The service is NET stopped.
            Run = 2, // The service is NET started.
            Stopping = 3,
            Starting = 4,
        }

        public enum ServiceControl {
            Stop = 0x00000001,
            Pause = 0x00000002,
            Continue = 0x00000003,
            Interrogate = 0x00000004,
            Shutdown = 0x00000005,
            ParamChange = 0x00000006,
            NetBindAdd = 0x00000007,
            NetBindRemove = 0x00000008,
            NetBindEnable = 0x00000009,
            NetBindDisable = 0x0000000A
        }

        public enum ServiceError {
            Ignore = 0x00000000,
            Normal = 0x00000001,
            Severe = 0x00000002,
            Critical = 0x00000003
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private class SERVICE_STATUS {
            public int dwServiceType = 0;
            public ServiceState dwCurrentState = 0;
            public int dwControlsAccepted = 0;
            public int dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
            public int dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
            public int dwCheckPoint = 0;
            public int dwWaitHint = 0;
        }

        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "OpenSCManagerA")]
        private static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string lpMachineName, string lpDatabaseName, ServiceManagerRights dwDesiredAccess);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "OpenServiceA", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
        private static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, ServiceRights dwDesiredAccess);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateServiceA")]
        private static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, ServiceRights dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceBootFlag dwStartType, ServiceError dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lp, string lpPassword);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
        private static extern int CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr hSCObject);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
        private static extern int QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int DeleteService(IntPtr hService);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
        private static extern int ControlService(IntPtr hService, ServiceControl dwControl, SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);
        [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "StartServiceA")]
        private static extern int StartService(IntPtr hService, int dwNumServiceArgs, int lpServiceArgVectors);

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a service name and tries to stop and then uninstall the windows serviceError
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ServiceName">The windows service name to uninstall</param>
        public static void Uninstall(string ServiceName)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect);
            try
            {
                IntPtr service = OpenService(scman, ServiceName, ServiceRights.StandardRightsRequired | ServiceRights.Stop | ServiceRights.QueryStatus);
                if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    throw new ApplicationException("Service not installed.");
                }
                try
                {
                    StopService(service);
                    int ret = DeleteService(service);
                    if (ret == 0)
                    {
                        int error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                        throw new ApplicationException("Could not delete service " + error);
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    CloseServiceHandle(service);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseServiceHandle(scman);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Accepts a service name and returns true if the service with that service name exists
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ServiceName">The service name that we will check for existence</param>
        /// <returns>True if that service exists false otherwise</returns>
        public static bool ServiceIsInstalled(string ServiceName)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect);
            try
            {
                IntPtr service = OpenService(scman, ServiceName,
                ServiceRights.QueryStatus);
                if (service == IntPtr.Zero) return false;
                CloseServiceHandle(service);
                return true;
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseServiceHandle(scman);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a service name, a service display name and the path to the service executable and installs / starts the windows service.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ServiceName">The service name that this service will have</param>
        /// <param name="DisplayName">The display name that this service will have</param>
        /// <param name="FileName">The path to the executable of the service</param>
        public static void InstallAndStart(string ServiceName, string DisplayName,
        string FileName)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect |
            ServiceManagerRights.CreateService);
            try
            {
                IntPtr service = OpenService(scman, ServiceName,
                ServiceRights.QueryStatus | ServiceRights.Start);
                if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    service = CreateService(scman, ServiceName, DisplayName,
                    ServiceRights.QueryStatus | ServiceRights.Start, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
                    ServiceBootFlag.AutoStart, ServiceError.Normal, FileName, null, IntPtr.Zero,
                    null, null, null);
                }
                if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    throw new ApplicationException("Failed to install service.");
                }
                try
                {
                    StartService(service);
                }
                finally
                {
                    CloseServiceHandle(service);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseServiceHandle(scman);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a service name and starts it
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Name">The service name</param>
        public static void StartService(string Name)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect);
            try
            {
                IntPtr hService = OpenService(scman, Name, ServiceRights.QueryStatus |
                ServiceRights.Start);
                if (hService == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    throw new ApplicationException("Could not open service.");
                }
                try
                {
                    StartService(hService);
                }
                finally
                {
                    CloseServiceHandle(hService);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseServiceHandle(scman);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the provided windows service
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Name">The service name that will be stopped</param>
        public static void StopService(string Name)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect);
            try
            {
                IntPtr hService = OpenService(scman, Name, ServiceRights.QueryStatus |
                ServiceRights.Stop);
                if (hService == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    throw new ApplicationException("Could not open service.");
                }
                try
                {
                    StopService(hService);
                }
                finally
                {
                    CloseServiceHandle(hService);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseServiceHandle(scman);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stars the provided windows service
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hService">The handle to the windows service</param>
        private static void StartService(IntPtr hService)
        {
            SERVICE_STATUS status = new SERVICE_STATUS();
            StartService(hService, 0, 0);
            WaitForServiceStatus(hService, ServiceState.Starting, ServiceState.Run);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the provided windows service
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hService">The handle to the windows service</param>
        private static void StopService(IntPtr hService)
        {
            SERVICE_STATUS status = new SERVICE_STATUS();
            ControlService(hService, ServiceControl.Stop, status);
            WaitForServiceStatus(hService, ServiceState.Stopping, ServiceState.Stop);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a service name and returns the <code>ServiceState</code> of the corresponding service
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ServiceName">The service name that we will check for his <code>ServiceState</code></param>
        /// <returns>The ServiceState of the service we wanted to check</returns>
        public static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(string ServiceName)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect);
            try
            {
                IntPtr hService = OpenService(scman, ServiceName,
                ServiceRights.QueryStatus);
                if (hService == IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    return ServiceState.NotFound;
                }
                try
                {
                    return GetServiceStatus(hService);
                }
                finally
                {
                    CloseServiceHandle(scman);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseServiceHandle(scman);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the service state by using the handle of the provided windows service
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hService">The handle to the service</param>
        /// <returns>The <code>ServiceState</code> of the service</returns>
        private static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr hService)
        {
            SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus = new SERVICE_STATUS();
            if (QueryServiceStatus(hService, ssStatus) == 0)
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("Failed to query service status.");
            }
            return ssStatus.dwCurrentState;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns true when the service status has been changes from wait status to desired status
        /// ,this method waits around 10 seconds for this operation.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hService">The handle to the service</param>
        /// <param name="WaitStatus">The current state of the service</param>
        /// <param name="DesiredStatus">The desired state of the service</param>
        /// <returns>bool if the service has successfully changed states within the allowed timeline</returns>
        private static bool WaitForServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ServiceState
        WaitStatus, ServiceState DesiredStatus)
        {
            SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus = new SERVICE_STATUS();
            int dwOldCheckPoint;
            int dwStartTickCount;

            QueryServiceStatus(hService, ssStatus);
            if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == DesiredStatus) return true;
            dwStartTickCount = Environment.TickCount;
            dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint;

            while (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == WaitStatus)
            {
                // Do not wait longer than the wait hint. A good interval is
                // one tenth the wait hint, but no less than 1 second and no
                // more than 10 seconds.

                int dwWaitTime = ssStatus.dwWaitHint / 10;

                if (dwWaitTime < 1000) dwWaitTime = 1000;
                else if (dwWaitTime > 10000) dwWaitTime = 10000;

                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dwWaitTime);

                // Check the status again.

                if (QueryServiceStatus(hService, ssStatus) == 0) break;

                if (ssStatus.dwCheckPoint > dwOldCheckPoint)
                {
                    // The service is making progress.
                    dwStartTickCount = Environment.TickCount;
                    dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (Environment.TickCount - dwStartTickCount > ssStatus.dwWaitHint)
                    {
                        // No progress made within the wait hint
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == DesiredStatus);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Opens the service manager
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Rights">The service manager rights</param>
        /// <returns>the handle to the service manager</returns>
        private static IntPtr OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights Rights)
        {
            IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(null, null, Rights);
            if (scman == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("Could not connect to service control manager.");
            }
            return scman;
        }

#endregion

    }
}

要安装服务，请运行 InstallAndStart 命令，如下所示：

  SystemControl.InstallAndStart(
                                 "apache",
                                 "Apache Web Server",
                                 @"""c:\apache\bin\httpd.exe"" -k runservice"
  );

Make sure the account that is running the program has permission to install services. You can always 'Run As Administrator' on the program.

I have also included several commands for non-api access which do not install or remove services, but you can list them and control several (start, stop, restart). You really only need to elevate permissions for installing or removing services.

There are a couple of commands for getting and setting environment variables as well, such as OPENSSL_CONF or TEMP. For the most part, the parameters and method names should be pretty self-explanatory.

score 2 · Accepted Answer

如果尝试将命令行应用程序安装为 Windows 服务，请尝试使用“ NSSM ”实用程序。在此处找到相关的 ServerFault 详细信息。

score -3 · Accepted Answer

Process QProc = new Process();
QProc.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd";
QProc.StartInfo.Arguments ="/c InstallUtil "+ "\""+ filefullPath +"\"";
QProc.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir") + @"\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\";
QProc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
// QProc.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
QProc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
QProc.Start();
// QProc.WaitForExit();
QProc.Close();

c# - 在没有 InstallUtil.exe 的情况下安装 .NET windows 服务

7 回答 7

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