85

我有一个格式的RSA私钥PEM,有没有一种直接的方法可以从.NET 中读取它并实例化一个RSACryptoServiceProvider以解密用相应公钥加密的数据?

4

9 回答 9

73

2021 年 3 月 3 日更新

.NET 5 现在支持这个开箱即用。

要尝试下面的代码片段,请在http://travistidwell.com/jsencrypt/demo/生成密钥对并加密一些文本

var privateKey = @"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
{ the full PEM private key } 
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";

var rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportFromPem(privateKey.ToCharArray());

var decryptedBytes = rsa.Decrypt(
    Convert.FromBase64String("{ base64-encoded encrypted string }"), 
    RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1
);

// this will print the original unencrypted string
Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes));

原始答案

我解决了,谢谢。万一有人感兴趣,bouncycastle就成功了,只是因为我缺乏知识和文档而花了我一些时间。这是代码:

var bytesToDecrypt = Convert.FromBase64String("la0Cz.....D43g=="); // string to decrypt, base64 encoded
 
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair; 
 
using (var reader = File.OpenText(@"c:\myprivatekey.pem")) // file containing RSA PKCS1 private key
    keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair) new PemReader(reader).ReadObject(); 
 
var decryptEngine = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine());
decryptEngine.Init(false, keyPair.Private); 
 
var decrypted = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptEngine.ProcessBlock(bytesToDecrypt, 0, bytesToDecrypt.Length)); 
于 2008-10-30T20:59:52.527 回答
34

关于轻松导入 RSA 私钥,不使用 BouncyCastle 等 3rd 方代码,我认为答案是“不,不单独使用私钥的 PEM”。

但是,正如 Simone 上面提到的,您可以简单地将私钥 (*.key) 的 PEM 和使用该密钥 (*.crt) 的证书文件组合成一个 *.pfx 文件,然后可以轻松导入该文件。

从命令行生成 PFX 文件:

openssl pkcs12 -in a.crt -inkey a.key -export -out a.pfx

然后正常使用 .NET 证书类,例如:

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

X509Certificate2 combinedCertificate = new X509Certificate2(@"C:\path\to\file.pfx");

现在您可以按照MSDN中的示例通过 RSACryptoServiceProvider 进行加密和解密:

我忽略了要解密,您需要使用 PFX 密码和 Exportable 标志进行导入。(请参阅:BouncyCastle RSAPrivateKey 到 .NET RSAPrivateKey

X509KeyStorageFlags flags = X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable;
X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2("my.pfx", "somepass", flags);

RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)cert.PrivateKey;
RSAParameters rsaParam = rsa.ExportParameters(true); 
于 2011-03-22T16:58:48.030 回答
30

您可以查看JavaScience 的OpenSSLKey

那里的代码完全可以满足您的需求。

事实上,他们在这里有很多可用的加密源代码。


源代码片段:

//------- Parses binary ans.1 RSA private key; returns RSACryptoServiceProvider  ---
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey)
{
        byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ ;

        // ---------  Set up stream to decode the asn.1 encoded RSA private key  ------
        MemoryStream  mem = new MemoryStream(privkey) ;
        BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem) ;    //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
        byte bt = 0;
        ushort twobytes = 0;
        int elems = 0;
        try {
                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
                        binr.ReadByte();        //advance 1 byte
                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
                        binr.ReadInt16();       //advance 2 bytes
                else
                        return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes != 0x0102) //version number
                        return null;
                bt = binr.ReadByte();
                if (bt !=0x00)
                        return null;


                //------  all private key components are Integer sequences ----
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                E = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                D = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                P = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                Console.WriteLine("showing components ..");
                if (verbose) {
                        showBytes("\nModulus", MODULUS) ;
                        showBytes("\nExponent", E);
                        showBytes("\nD", D);
                        showBytes("\nP", P);
                        showBytes("\nQ", Q);
                        showBytes("\nDP", DP);
                        showBytes("\nDQ", DQ);
                        showBytes("\nIQ", IQ);
                }

                // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
                RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
                RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();
                RSAparams.Modulus =MODULUS;
                RSAparams.Exponent = E;
                RSAparams.D = D;
                RSAparams.P = P;
                RSAparams.Q = Q;
                RSAparams.DP = DP;
                RSAparams.DQ = DQ;
                RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;
                RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);
                return RSA;
        }
        catch (Exception) {
                return null;
        }
        finally {
                binr.Close();
        }
}
于 2008-10-28T15:14:36.967 回答
4

之间的东西

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY---- 

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- 

是 PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo 的 base64 编码(除非它说 RSA ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY 在这种情况下它是一个 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo)。

手动解码并不难,但最好的选择是 P/Invoke 到CryptImportPKCS8


更新: CryptImportPKCS8功能不再可用于 Windows Server 2008 和 Windows Vista。相反,请使用PFXImportCertStore函数。

于 2008-10-29T22:26:54.130 回答
3

好的,我使用 mac 生成我的自签名密钥。这是我使用的工作方法。

我创建了一个 shell 脚本来加速我的密钥生成。

genkey.sh

#/bin/sh

ssh-keygen -f host.key
openssl req -new -key host.key -out request.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 99999 -in request.csr -signkey host.key -out server.crt
openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey host.key -in server.crt -out private_public.p12 -name "SslCert"
openssl base64 -in private_public.p12 -out Base64.key

将 +x 执行标志添加到脚本

chmod +x genkey.sh

然后调用 genkey.sh

./genkey.sh

我输入密码(重要的是至少在最后包含导出的密码)

Enter pass phrase for host.key:
Enter Export Password:   {Important to enter a password here}
Verifying - Enter Export Password: { Same password here }

然后我将 Base64.Key 中的所有内容放入一个名为 sslKey 的字符串中

private string sslKey = "MIIJiAIBA...................................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        ".............ugICCAA=";

然后,我使用延迟加载属性获取器来获取带有私钥的 X509 证书。

X509Certificate2 _serverCertificate = null;
X509Certificate2 serverCertificate{
    get
    {
        if (_serverCertificate == null){
            string pass = "Your Export Password Here";
            _serverCertificate = new X509Certificate(Convert.FromBase64String(sslKey), pass, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
        }
        return _serverCertificate;
    }
}

我想走这条路,因为我在 mac 上使用 .net 2.0 和 Mono,并且我想使用没有编译库或依赖项的 vanilla Framework 代码。

我对此的最终用途是 SslStream 以保护与我的应用程序的 TCP 通信

SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);

我希望这对其他人有所帮助。

笔记

如果没有密码,我无法正确解锁导出的私钥。

于 2013-10-25T00:34:19.193 回答
2

对于不想使用 Bouncy 并且正在尝试其他答案中包含的一些代码的人,我发现该代码大部分时间都可以工作,但是会遇到一些 RSA 私有字符串,例如我'已包括在下面。通过查看有弹性的代码,我将 wprl 提供的代码调整为

    RSAparams.D = ConvertRSAParametersField(D, MODULUS.Length);
    RSAparams.DP = ConvertRSAParametersField(DP, P.Length);
    RSAparams.DQ = ConvertRSAParametersField(DQ, Q.Length);
    RSAparams.InverseQ = ConvertRSAParametersField(IQ, Q.Length);

    private static byte[] ConvertRSAParametersField(byte[] bs, int size)
    {
        if (bs.Length == size)
            return bs;

        if (bs.Length > size)
            throw new ArgumentException("Specified size too small", "size");

        byte[] padded = new byte[size];
        Array.Copy(bs, 0, padded, size - bs.Length, bs.Length);
        return padded;
    }

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
于 2017-04-30T21:46:37.810 回答
2

我已经尝试了PEM 编码的 PKCS#8 RSA 私钥的公认答案PemException,结果是malformed sequence in RSA private key消息。原因是它Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemReader似乎只支持 PKCS#1 私钥。

我能够通过切换到Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader(注意类型名称匹配!)这样

private static RSAParameters GetRsaParameters(string rsaPrivateKey)
{
    var byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(rsaPrivateKey);
    using (var ms = new MemoryStream(byteArray))
    {
        using (var sr = new StreamReader(ms))
        {
            var pemReader = new Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader(sr);
            var pem = pemReader.ReadPemObject();
            var privateKey = PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(pem.Content);

            return DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(privateKey as RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters);
        }
    }
}
于 2020-02-26T21:43:06.607 回答
1

检查http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd203099.aspx

在密码学应用程序块下。

不知道你是否会得到答案,但值得一试。

评论后编辑

好的,然后检查此代码。

using System.Security.Cryptography;


public static string DecryptEncryptedData(stringBase64EncryptedData, stringPathToPrivateKeyFile) { 
    X509Certificate2 myCertificate; 
    try{ 
        myCertificate = new X509Certificate2(PathToPrivateKeyFile); 
    } catch{ 
        throw new CryptographicException("Unable to open key file."); 
    } 

    RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaObj; 
    if(myCertificate.HasPrivateKey) { 
         rsaObj = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)myCertificate.PrivateKey; 
    } else 
        throw new CryptographicException("Private key not contained within certificate."); 

    if(rsaObj == null) 
        return String.Empty; 

    byte[] decryptedBytes; 
    try{ 
        decryptedBytes = rsaObj.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(Base64EncryptedData), false); 
    } catch { 
        throw new CryptographicException("Unable to decrypt data."); 
    } 

    //    Check to make sure we decrpyted the string 
   if(decryptedBytes.Length == 0) 
        return String.Empty; 
    else 
        return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes); 
} 
于 2008-10-28T15:42:03.310 回答
1

我创建的 PemUtils 库正是这样做的。该代码可在GitHub 上获得,并且可以从NuGet安装:

PM> Install-Package PemUtils

或者如果你只想要一个 DER 转换器:

PM> Install-Package DerConverter

从 PEM 数据中读取 RSA 密钥的用法:

using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
using (var reader = new PemReader(stream))
{
    var rsaParameters = reader.ReadRsaKey();
    // ...
}
于 2018-07-18T08:44:27.360 回答