swift - 有没有办法在 Swift 中设置关联对象？

Question

来自 Objective-C，您可以objc_setAssociatedObject在 2 个对象之间调用函数以让它们维护一个引用，如果在运行时您不希望一个对象被销毁，直到它的引用也被删除，这会很方便。斯威夫特有类似的东西吗？

Answer 1

这是一个来自jckarter 的答案的简单但完整的示例。

它展示了如何向现有类添加新属性。它通过在扩展块中定义计算属性来实现。计算属性存储为关联对象：

import ObjectiveC

// Declare a global var to produce a unique address as the assoc object handle
private var AssociatedObjectHandle: UInt8 = 0

extension MyClass {
    var stringProperty:String {
        get {
            return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle) as! String
        }
        set {
            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle, newValue, objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        }
    }
}

编辑：

如果您需要支持获取未初始化属性的值并避免出现错误unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value，您可以像这样修改 getter：

    get {
        return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle) as? String ?? ""
    }

Answer 2

该解决方案还支持所有值类型，而不仅仅是那些自动桥接的值类型，例如String、Int、Double 等。

包装纸

import ObjectiveC

final class Lifted<T> {
    let value: T
    init(_ x: T) {
        value = x
    }
}

private func lift<T>(x: T) -> Lifted<T>  {
    return Lifted(x)
}

func setAssociatedObject<T>(object: AnyObject, value: T, associativeKey: UnsafePointer<Void>, policy: objc_AssociationPolicy) {
    if let v: AnyObject = value as? AnyObject {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey, v,  policy)
    }
    else {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey, lift(value),  policy)
    }
}

func getAssociatedObject<T>(object: AnyObject, associativeKey: UnsafePointer<Void>) -> T? {
    if let v = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey) as? T {
        return v
    }
    else if let v = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, associativeKey) as? Lifted<T> {
        return v.value
    }
    else {
        return nil
    }
}

可能的 类扩展（使用示例）

extension UIView {

    private struct AssociatedKey {
        static var viewExtension = "viewExtension"
    }

    var referenceTransform: CGAffineTransform? {
        get {
            return getAssociatedObject(self, associativeKey: &AssociatedKey.viewExtension)
        }

        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                setAssociatedObject(self, value: value, associativeKey: &AssociatedKey.viewExtension, policy: objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 3

我写了一个现代包装器，可在https://github.com/b9swift/AssociatedObject

你可能会惊讶它甚至免费支持 Swift 结构。

Answer 4

显然，这只适用于 Objective-C 对象。在摆弄了一下之后，这里是如何在 Swift 中进行调用：

import ObjectiveC

// Define a variable whose address we'll use as key.
// "let" doesn't work here.
var kSomeKey = "s"

…

func someFunc() {
    objc_setAssociatedObject(target, &kSomeKey, value, UInt(OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN))

    let value : AnyObject! = objc_getAssociatedObject(target, &kSomeKey)
}

Answer 5

在 Swift 3.0 中更新例如这是一个 UITextField

import Foundation
import UIKit
import ObjectiveC

// Declare a global var to produce a unique address as the assoc object handle
var AssociatedObjectHandle: UInt8 = 0

extension UITextField
{
    var nextTextField:UITextField {
    get {
        return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle) as! UITextField
    }
    set {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &AssociatedObjectHandle, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        }
    }
}

Answer 6

Klaas 只为 Swift 2.1 回答：

import ObjectiveC

let value = NSUUID().UUIDString
var associationKey: UInt8 = 0

objc_setAssociatedObject(parentObject, &associationKey, value, objc_AssociationPolicy.OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)

let fetchedValue = objc_getAssociatedObject(parentObject, &associationKey) as! String

Answer 7

只需添加#import <objc/runtime.h>您的 brinding 头文件即可在 swift 代码下访问 objc_setAssociatedObject

Answer 8

上面的朋友已经回答了你的问题，但是如果和闭包属性有关，请注意：

```

import UIKit
public extension UICollectionView {

typealias XYRearrangeNewDataBlock = (_ newData: [Any]) -> Void
typealias XYRearrangeOriginaDataBlock = () -> [Any]

// MARK:- associat key
private struct xy_associatedKeys {
    static var originalDataBlockKey = "xy_originalDataBlockKey"
    static var newDataBlockKey = "xy_newDataBlockKey"
}


private class BlockContainer {
    var rearrangeNewDataBlock: XYRearrangeNewDataBlock?
    var rearrangeOriginaDataBlock: XYRearrangeOriginaDataBlock?
}


private var newDataBlock: BlockContainer? {
    get {
        if let newDataBlock = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &xy_associatedKeys.newDataBlockKey) as? BlockContainer {
            return newDataBlock
        }
        return nil
    }

    set(newValue) {
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, xy_associatedKeys.newDataBlockKey, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC)
    }
}
convenience init(collectionVewFlowLayout : UICollectionViewFlowLayout, originalDataBlock: @escaping XYRearrangeOriginaDataBlock, newDataBlock:  @escaping XYRearrangeNewDataBlock) {
    self.init()


    let blockContainer: BlockContainer = BlockContainer()
    blockContainer.rearrangeNewDataBlock = newDataBlock
    blockContainer.rearrangeOriginaDataBlock = originalDataBlock
    self.newDataBlock = blockContainer
}

```