gcc - 如何在嵌入式 linux Raspberry Pi 上安装 GCC 和/或 apt

Question

我在树莓派（用于比特币矿工）上有一个预配置的 linux 发行版。问题是这个发行版非常小，只有用于基本命令的busybox。它没有包管理器，甚至没有 gcc 编译器。所以我的目标是在上面安装一个 gcc 编译器，这样我就可以更进一步安装其他软件。

所以我基本上仅限于来自busybox的这些命令：

root@raspberrypi:~# ls /bin
addgroup             fgrep                ping6
adduser              grep                 ps
ash                  gunzip               pwd
busybox              gzip                 rm
cat                  hostname             rmdir
chattr               ip                   sed
chgrp                kill                 sh
chmod                ln                   sleep
chown                login                stty
cp                   ls                   su
cpio                 mkdir                sync
date                 mknod                tar
dd                   mktemp               tinylogin
delgroup             more                 touch
deluser              mount                true
df                   mountpoint           umount
dmesg                mountpoint.sysvinit  uname
dnsdomainname        mv                   usleep
dumpkmap             netstat              vi
echo                 pidof                zcat
egrep                pidof.sysvinit
false                ping
root@raspberrypi:~# ls -l /usr/bin
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 [ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 [[ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 ar -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 awk -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 basename -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 bunzip2 -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 bzcat -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        302368 Apr 22  2014 cgminer
-rwxrwxr-x    1 root     root          4179 Apr 18  2014 cherryd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            17 Feb 21 14:30 chvt -> /usr/bin/chvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6860 Feb 19 12:23 chvt.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 clear -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 cmp -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4304 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-check
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           218 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-format
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4796 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-packer
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          3968 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-unpacker
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           990 Mar 11 03:18 create-cracklib-dict
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        135908 Mar 28 12:33 curl
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 cut -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            23 Feb 21 14:37 dbclient -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 dc -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         13372 Feb 19 12:24 ddcmon
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:30 deallocvt -> /usr/bin/deallocvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7352 Feb 19 12:23 deallocvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         64815 Feb 19 12:24 decode-dimms
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6104 Feb 19 12:24 decode-edid
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          5650 Feb 19 12:24 decode-vaio
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 diff -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 dirname -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 du -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         58744 Feb 19 12:23 dumpkeys
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 dumpleases -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           287 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           295 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install-2.7
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 env -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 expr -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:30 fgconsole -> /usr/bin/fgconsole.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7460 Feb 19 12:23 fgconsole.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 find -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 flock -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 free -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 fuser -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7736 Feb 19 12:23 getkeycodes
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 groups -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 head -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 hexdump -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 id -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7936 Feb 19 12:23 kbd_mode
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          8492 Feb 19 12:23 kbdrate
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 killall -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:32 last -> /usr/bin/last.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         14048 Feb 19 12:15 last.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             4 Feb 21 14:32 lastb -> last
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 less -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         85348 Feb 19 12:23 loadkeys
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         19952 Feb 19 12:23 loadunimap
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 logger -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 logname -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          1229 Feb 19 12:24 mako-render
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         15000 Feb 19 12:23 mapscrn
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 md5sum -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:32 mesg -> /usr/bin/mesg.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6532 Feb 19 12:15 mesg.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 microcom -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 mkfifo -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         18056 Mar 11 03:20 mkhomedir_helper
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 nc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 nohup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 nslookup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 od -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        488032 Apr 18  2014 openssl
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            19 Feb 21 14:30 openvt -> /usr/bin/openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         12084 Feb 19 12:23 openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9852 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9872 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally2
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9904 Mar 11 03:20 pam_timestamp_check
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            14 Feb 21 14:30 passwd -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 patch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            10 Feb 21 14:37 perl -> perl5.14.3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          8768 Feb 19 12:25 perl5.14.3
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 printf -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:30 psfaddtable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:30 psfgettable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:30 psfstriptable -> psfxtable
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         16844 Feb 19 12:23 psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            28 Feb 21 14:32 psplash -> /usr/bin/psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         50484 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-default
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        113760 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          5516 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-write
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             7 Feb 21 14:37 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            14 Feb 21 14:37 python-config -> python2-config
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:37 python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            16 Feb 21 14:37 python2-config -> python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6268 Apr 18  2014 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          1618 Feb 19 12:19 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 readlink -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 realpath -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 renice -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 reset -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         11882 Feb 19 12:24 rpio
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         16597 Feb 19 12:24 rpio-curses
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 run-parts -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            23 Feb 21 14:37 scp -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Mar 11 02:22 screen -> screen-4.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        312200 Mar 11 02:22 screen-4.0.3
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 seq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         33868 Feb 19 12:23 setfont
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7276 Feb 19 12:23 setkeycodes
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          8768 Feb 19 12:23 setleds
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6900 Feb 19 12:23 setmetamode
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         14260 Feb 19 12:23 showconsolefont
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         10020 Feb 19 12:23 showkey
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 sort -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         49100 Feb 19 12:13 sqlite3
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            23 Feb 21 14:37 ssh -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 stat -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 strings -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 tail -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 tee -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 telnet -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 test -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 tftp -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 time -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 top -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 tr -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 traceroute -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 tty -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        137588 Feb 19 12:23 udevadm
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          2425 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_start
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           363 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_stop
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 uniq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         26424 Mar 11 03:20 unix_chkpwd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         26412 Mar 11 03:20 unix_update
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 unzip -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4267 Feb 19 12:09 update-alternatives
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 uptime -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 users -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            26 Feb 21 14:32 utmpdump -> /usr/bin/utmpdump.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9568 Feb 19 12:15 utmpdump.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            14 Feb 21 14:30 vlock -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:32 wall -> /usr/bin/wall.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         10764 Feb 19 12:15 wall.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 watch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 wc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 wget -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 which -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 who -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 whoami -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 xargs -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 yes -> /bin/busybox

到目前为止，我尝试的是从这里下载一个新的busybox，其中包含更多命令，最值得注意的是 rpm（尽管仍然缺少 dpkg）

root@raspberrypi:~# ./busybox-armv7l
BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-08 10:26:30 CDT) multi-call binary.
BusyBox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2012.
Licensed under GPLv2. See source distribution for detailed
copyright notices.

Usage: busybox [function [arguments]...]
   or: busybox --list[-full]
   or: busybox --install [-s] [DIR]
   or: function [arguments]...

        BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
        utilities into a single executable.  Most people will create a
        link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
        will act like whatever it was invoked as.

Currently defined functions:
        [, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, arp, arping, ash, awk, base64,
        basename, beep, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat,
        catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum,
        clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd,
        deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd,
        dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir,
        envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush,
        fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck,
        fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip,
        gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id,
        ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install, ionice, iostat,
        ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill,
        killall, killall5, klogd, last, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
        logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lsof, lspci,
        lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom,
        mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd,
        mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif,
        nanddump, nandwrite, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, ntpd, od,
        openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap,
        popmaildir, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx,
        raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime,
        remove-shell, renice, reset, resize, rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio,
        rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail,
        seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setserial, setsid, setuidgid,
        sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit,
        sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd,
        swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet,
        telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true,
        tty, ttysize, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos,
        unlzma, unlzop, unxz, unzip, uptime, users, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi,
        vlock, volname, wall, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, whois, xargs, xz,
        xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip

我从这里 http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=gcc&submit=Search+...&system=&arch=下载了一些 gcc rpm，但由于某种原因 gcc 不执行

root@raspberrypi:~# ./busybox-armv7l rpm -i gcc-4.8.2-1.fc20.armv7hl.rpm
root@raspberrypi:~# find / -name gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
/usr/share/doc/gcc
/usr/lib/gcc
/usr/libexec/gcc
/opt/STM/STLinux-2.4/devkit/armv7/target/usr/bin/gcc
/opt/STM/STLinux-2.4/devkit/armv7/target/usr/lib/gcc
/opt/STM/STLinux-2.4/devkit/armv7/target/usr/libexec/gcc
root@raspberrypi:~# cd /usr/bin
root@raspberrypi:/usr/bin# ./gcc
-sh: ./gcc: not found
root@raspberrypi:/usr/bin# ls -l
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 [ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 [[ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 ar -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        562184 Mar 29 02:30 arm-linux-gnu-cpp
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        562184 Mar 29 02:30 arm-linux-gnu-gcc
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        257596 Mar 29 02:30 arm-linux-gnu-gcov
-rwxr-xr-x    2 root     root        622224 Oct 17 10:53 armv7hl-redhat-linux-gnueabi-gcc
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 awk -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 basename -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 bunzip2 -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 bzcat -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           224 Oct 17 10:52 c89
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           215 Oct 17 10:52 c99
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             3 Apr 10 21:31 cc -> gcc
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        302368 Apr 22  2014 cgminer
-rwxrwxr-x    1 root     root          4179 Apr 18  2014 cherryd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            17 Feb 21 14:30 chvt -> /usr/bin/chvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6860 Feb 19 12:23 chvt.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 clear -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 cmp -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4304 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-check
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           218 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-format
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4796 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-packer
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          3968 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-unpacker
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           990 Mar 11 03:18 create-cracklib-dict
....
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           287 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           295 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install-2.7
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 env -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 expr -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:30 fgconsole -> /usr/bin/fgconsole.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7460 Feb 19 12:23 fgconsole.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 find -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 flock -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 free -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 fuser -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    2 root     root        622224 Oct 17 10:53 gcc
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         25900 Oct 17 10:54 gcc-ar
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         25856 Oct 17 10:53 gcc-nm
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         25864 Oct 17 10:54 gcc-ranlib
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        260996 Oct 17 10:54 gcov
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7736 Feb 19 12:23 getkeycodes
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 groups -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 head -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 hexdump -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 id -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7936 Feb 19 12:23 kbd_mode
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          8492 Feb 19 12:23 kbdrate
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 killall -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:32 last -> /usr/bin/last.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         14048 Feb 19 12:15 last.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             4 Feb 21 14:32 lastb -> last
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 less -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         85348 Feb 19 12:23 loadkeys
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         19952 Feb 19 12:23 loadunimap
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 logger -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 logname -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          1229 Feb 19 12:24 mako-render
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         15000 Feb 19 12:23 mapscrn
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 md5sum -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:32 mesg -> /usr/bin/mesg.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6532 Feb 19 12:15 mesg.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 microcom -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 mkfifo -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         18056 Mar 11 03:20 mkhomedir_helper
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 nc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 nohup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 nslookup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 od -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        488032 Apr 18  2014 openssl
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            19 Feb 21 14:30 openvt -> /usr/bin/openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         12084 Feb 19 12:23 openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9852 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9872 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally2
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9904 Mar 11 03:20 pam_timestamp_check
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            14 Feb 21 14:30 passwd -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 patch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            10 Feb 21 14:37 perl -> perl5.14.3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          8768 Feb 19 12:25 perl5.14.3
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 printf -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:30 psfaddtable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:30 psfgettable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:30 psfstriptable -> psfxtable
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         16844 Feb 19 12:23 psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            28 Feb 21 14:32 psplash -> /usr/bin/psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         50484 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-default
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        113760 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          5516 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-write
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             7 Feb 21 14:37 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            14 Feb 21 14:37 python-config -> python2-config
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root             9 Feb 21 14:37 python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            16 Feb 21 14:37 python2-config -> python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6268 Apr 18  2014 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          1618 Feb 19 12:19 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 readlink -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 realpath -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 renice -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 reset -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         11882 Feb 19 12:24 rpio
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         16597 Feb 19 12:24 rpio-curses
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 run-parts -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            23 Feb 21 14:37 scp -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Mar 11 02:22 screen -> screen-4.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        312200 Mar 11 02:22 screen-4.0.3
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 seq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         33868 Feb 19 12:23 setfont
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          7276 Feb 19 12:23 setkeycodes
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          8768 Feb 19 12:23 setleds
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          6900 Feb 19 12:23 setmetamode
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         14260 Feb 19 12:23 showconsolefont
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         10020 Feb 19 12:23 showkey
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 sort -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         49100 Feb 19 12:13 sqlite3
.....
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 tty -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        137588 Feb 19 12:23 udevadm
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          2425 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_start
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root           363 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_stop
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 uniq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         26424 Mar 11 03:20 unix_chkpwd
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         26412 Mar 11 03:20 unix_update
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 unzip -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          4267 Feb 19 12:09 update-alternatives
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 uptime -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 users -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            26 Feb 21 14:32 utmpdump -> /usr/bin/utmpdump.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          9568 Feb 19 12:15 utmpdump.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            14 Feb 21 14:30 vlock -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            22 Feb 21 14:32 wall -> /usr/bin/wall.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root         10764 Feb 19 12:15 wall.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 watch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 wc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 wget -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 which -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 who -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 whoami -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 xargs -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            12 Feb 21 14:30 yes -> /bin/busybox

还尝试安装 apt-rpm 以获取 apt-get，但它缺少共享库

root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get
apt-get: error while loading shared libraries: /usr/lib/liblua-5.1.so: internal error

有人可以帮我解决这一切吗？

score 4 · Accepted Answer

您已将此帖子标记为“yocto”。所以我唯一可以建议你的是使用这个很棒的工具:)你不想从你的 raspi 编译你的工具，而是从你的杀手 linux 机器:)

首先，确保你有所有的先决条件。对于软呢帽：

sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \
     diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath \
     ccache perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue socat

对于 ubuntu/debian：

sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \
 build-essential chrpath socat

然后，您可以从 git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky 获取 yocto

git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky -b daisy

然后，您需要获取 raspberrypi 层及其依赖项：

cd poky
git clone http://git.yoctoproject.org/git/meta-raspberrypi -b daisy
git clone git://git.openembedded.org/meta-openembedded -b daisy

然后，设置构建环境：

source oe-init-build-env rpi-build

这里 rpi-build 将是构建目录的名称，它可以是任何你想要的。这将设置使用 yocto 所需的所有环境变量，并将您移动到新创建的构建目录。

编辑 conf/bblayers.conf 并将所需的层添加到 BBLAYERS。它应该看起来像这样：

BBLAYERS ?= " \                                                                 
  /path/to/poky/meta \                      
  /path/to/poky/meta-yocto \                
  /path/to/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \            
  /path/to/poky/meta-openembedded/meta-oe \ 
  /path/to/poky/meta-raspberrypi \                            
"

然后，编辑 conf/local.conf 将 MACHINE 变量设置为 raspberrypi：

MACHINE ?= "raspberrypi"

您还可以通过更改来告诉 yocto 生成 deb 文件而不是默认的 rpm：

PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm"

到：

PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_deb"

为了快速让 dpkg 出现在构建中，只需在 conf/local.conf 中添加以下行

CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL="dpkg"

并创建一个基本图像：

bitbake rpi-basic-image

这将需要一些时间......事实上很多时间（yocto 将生成整个根文件系统，它将下载源代码并编译它们，将为它们创建 deb 包，并生成一个可闪存的 s 映像）。

在此期间，我建议您阅读 yocto 文档，以了解如何向生成的图像添加更多软件和/或自定义它。解释 yocto 的工作原理不仅仅是 stackoverflow 中的一个答案，您需要阅读文档并进行一些练习。

但主要要了解的是 yocto 提供收据。基本上，receipe 描述了如何获取包以及如何编译它。可以在以下位置找到一个简单的收据示例：

meta/recipes-devtools/rpm/rpmresolve_1.0.bb

yocto 的好处是您可以轻松添加自己的收据。层提供收据的超集，它们还允许定制。在这里，我们添加了 raspberrypi 层以添加对树莓板的支持。覆盆子层提供了配置内核所需的所有收据，以及引导加载程序等...

编译完成后，为了刷新生成的 sd 映像，只需执行以下操作：

dd bs=4M if=/path/to/rpi-build/tmp/deploy/images/raspberrypi/rpi-basic-image-raspberrypi.rpi-sdimg of=/dev/sd?

“sd”在哪里？是您的（未安装的）sdcard（如果需要，请考虑保存）将您的 sdcard 插回您的 raspi，启动它。

为了找出 raspi ip，您可以扫描您的网络以查找开放的 ssh 端口：

nmap -p 22 --open -sV YOU_SUBNET_ADDRESS/SUBNET_SIZE

例子：

nmap -p 22 --open -sV 192.168.1.0/24


ssh root@RASPI-IP

瞧！

下次你需要构建一个新包时，你可以这样做：

bitbake package-name

然后只需 scp 生成的 .deb 文件（来自 tmp/work/armv6-vfp-poky-linux-gnueabi/PACKAGE_NAME/PACKAGE_VERSION/deploy-debs/armv6-vfp/PACKAGE.ipk）到 raspi 并使用 dpkg 安装它. 您还可以基于 rpi-basic-image 创建自己的图像并添加您自己选择的包。

以 htop 为例：

bitbake htop
scp ./tmp/work/armv6-vfp-poky-linux-gnueabi/htop/1.0.3-r0/deploy-debs/armv6-vfp/htop_1.0.3-r0_armv6-vfp.deb root@myraspi

yocto 将非常有助于为您简化交叉编译过程。

来源： https ://github.com/djwillis/meta-raspberrypi https://yoctoproject.org

卡穆

gcc - 如何在嵌入式 linux Raspberry Pi 上安装 GCC 和/或 apt

1 回答 1

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