谁能告诉我如何用 HTTP POST 做一个 PHP cURL?
我想发送这样的数据:
username=user1, password=passuser1, gender=1
到www.example.com
我希望 cURL 返回类似result=OK
. 有没有例子?
<?php
//
// A very simple PHP example that sends a HTTP POST to a remote site
//
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"http://www.example.com/tester.phtml");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,
"postvar1=value1&postvar2=value2&postvar3=value3");
// In real life you should use something like:
// curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,
// http_build_query(array('postvar1' => 'value1')));
// Receive server response ...
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$server_output = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close ($ch);
// Further processing ...
if ($server_output == "OK") { ... } else { ... }
?>
// set post fields
$post = [
'username' => 'user1',
'password' => 'passuser1',
'gender' => 1,
];
$ch = curl_init('http://www.example.com');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post);
// execute!
$response = curl_exec($ch);
// close the connection, release resources used
curl_close($ch);
// do anything you want with your response
var_dump($response);
<?php
// mutatis mutandis
namespace MyApp\Http;
class CurlPost
{
private $url;
private $options;
/**
* @param string $url Request URL
* @param array $options cURL options
*/
public function __construct($url, array $options = [])
{
$this->url = $url;
$this->options = $options;
}
/**
* Get the response
* @return string
* @throws \RuntimeException On cURL error
*/
public function __invoke(array $post)
{
$ch = \curl_init($this->url);
foreach ($this->options as $key => $val) {
\curl_setopt($ch, $key, $val);
}
\curl_setopt($ch, \CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
\curl_setopt($ch, \CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post);
$response = \curl_exec($ch);
$error = \curl_error($ch);
$errno = \curl_errno($ch);
if (\is_resource($ch)) {
\curl_close($ch);
}
if (0 !== $errno) {
throw new \RuntimeException($error, $errno);
}
return $response;
}
}
// create curl object
$curl = new \MyApp\Http\CurlPost('http://www.example.com');
try {
// execute the request
echo $curl([
'username' => 'user1',
'password' => 'passuser1',
'gender' => 1,
]);
} catch (\RuntimeException $ex) {
// catch errors
die(sprintf('Http error %s with code %d', $ex->getMessage(), $ex->getCode()));
}
这里的旁注:最好创建某种接口AdapterInterface
,例如使用getResponse()
方法调用并让上面的类实现它。然后,您始终可以将此实现与您喜欢的另一个适配器交换,而不会对您的应用程序产生任何副作用。
通常在 Windows 操作系统下 PHP 的 cURL 会出现问题。在尝试连接到受 https 保护的端点时,您将收到一条错误消息,告诉您certificate verify failed
.
大多数人在这里所做的是告诉 cURL 库简单地忽略证书错误并继续 ( curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
)。由于这将使您的代码正常工作,因此您会引入巨大的安全漏洞并使恶意用户能够对您的应用程序执行各种攻击,例如中间人攻击等。
永远,永远不要那样做。相反,您只需要修改您的文件php.ini
并告诉 PHP 您的CA Certificate
文件在哪里,让它正确验证证书:
; modify the absolute path to the cacert.pem file
curl.cainfo=c:\php\cacert.pem
最新的cacert.pem
可以从 Internet 下载或从您喜欢的浏览器中提取。更改任何php.ini
相关设置时,请记住重新启动您的网络服务器。
把它放在一个名为 foobar.php 的文件中:
<?php
$ch = curl_init();
$skipper = "luxury assault recreational vehicle";
$fields = array( 'penguins'=>$skipper, 'bestpony'=>'rainbowdash');
$postvars = '';
foreach($fields as $key=>$value) {
$postvars .= $key . "=" . $value . "&";
}
$url = "http://www.google.com";
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POST, 1); //0 for a get request
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$postvars);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT ,3);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 20);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
print "curl response is:" . $response;
curl_close ($ch);
?>
然后使用命令运行它php foobar.php
,它将这种输出转储到屏幕:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Title</title>
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0">
<body>
A mountain of content...
</body>
</html>
因此,您对 www.google.com 进行了 PHP POST 并向其发送了一些数据。
如果服务器被编程为读取 post 变量,它可以根据它决定做一些不同的事情。
可以通过以下方式轻松实现:
<?php
$post = [
'username' => 'user1',
'password' => 'passuser1',
'gender' => 1,
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.domain.com');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($post));
$response = curl_exec($ch);
var_export($response);
Curl Post + 错误处理 + 设置标题 [感谢@mantas-d]:
function curlPost($url, $data=NULL, $headers = NULL) {
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
if(!empty($data)){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
}
if (!empty($headers)) {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
}
$response = curl_exec($ch);
if (curl_error($ch)) {
trigger_error('Curl Error:' . curl_error($ch));
}
curl_close($ch);
return $response;
}
curlPost('google.com', [
'username' => 'admin',
'password' => '12345',
]);
$url = "www.domain.com";
$ch = curl_init($url);
HTTPHEADER
选项设置为 cURL:$token = "generated token code";
curl_setopt(
$ch,
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
array(
'Content-Type: application/json', // for define content type that is json
'bearer: '.$token, // send token in header request
'Content-length: 100' // content length for example 100 characters (can add by strlen($fields))
)
);
CURLOPT_HEADER
为true
:curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
RETURNTRANSFER
选项设置true
为以字符串形式返回传输,而不是直接输出:curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
0(to not check the names)
, 1(not supported in cURL 7.28.1)
, 2(default value and for production mode)
:curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
$fields = array(
"username" => "user1",
"password" => "passuser1",
"gender" => 1
);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields);
result=OK
:$result = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
call_cURL
可以扩展的整个类:class class_name_for_call_cURL {
protected function getUrl() {
return "www.domain.com";
}
public function call_cURL() {
$token = "generated token code";
$fields = array(
"username" => "user1",
"password" => "passuser1",
"gender" => 1
);
$url = $this->getUrl();
$output = $this->_execute($fields, $url, $token);
// if you want to get json data
// $output = json_decode($output);
if ($output == "OK") {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
private function _execute($postData, $url, $token) {
// for sending data as json type
$fields = json_encode($postData);
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt(
$ch,
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
array(
'Content-Type: application/json', // if the content type is json
'bearer: '.$token // if you need token in header
)
);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields);
$result = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $result;
}
}
$class = new class_name_for_call_cURL();
var_dump($class->call_cURL()); // output is true/false
function get_cURL() {
$url = "www.domain.com";
$token = "generated token code";
$postData = array(
"username" => "user1",
"password" => "passuser1",
"gender" => 1
);
// for sending data as json type
$fields = json_encode($postData);
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt(
$ch,
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
array(
'Content-Type: application/json', // if the content type is json
'bearer: '.$token // if you need token in header
)
);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields);
$result = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $result;
}
var_dump(get_cURL());
curlPost('google.com', [
'username' => 'admin',
'password' => '12345',
]);
function curlPost($url, $data) {
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
$error = curl_error($ch);
curl_close($ch);
if ($error !== '') {
throw new \Exception($error);
}
return $response;
}
如果表单使用重定向、身份验证、cookies、SSL (https) 或其他任何需要 POST 变量的完全开放脚本,那么您将很快开始咬牙切齿。看看Snoopy,它完全符合您的想法,同时消除了设置大量开销的需要。
如果您将信息传递到自己的网站,一个更简单的答案是使用 SESSION 变量。开始 php 页面:
session_start();
如果在某些时候您想在 PHP 中生成信息并传递到会话的下一页,而不是使用 POST 变量,请将其分配给 SESSION 变量。例子:
$_SESSION['message']='www.'.$_GET['school'].'.edu was not found. Please try again.'
然后在下一页您只需引用此 SESSION 变量。注意:使用后,请务必将其销毁,以免在使用后持续存在:
if (isset($_SESSION['message'])) {echo $_SESSION['message']; unset($_SESSION['message']);}
以下是 PHP + curl http://www.webbotsspidersscreenscrapers.com/DSP_download.php的一些样板代码
包含在这些库中将简化开发
<?php
# Initialization
include("LIB_http.php");
include("LIB_parse.php");
$product_array=array();
$product_count=0;
# Download the target (store) web page
$target = "http://www.tellmewhenitchanges.com/buyair";
$web_page = http_get($target, "");
...
?>
$curlHandler = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($curlHandler, [
CURLOPT_URL => 'https://postman-echo.com/post',
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
/**
* Specify POST method
*/
CURLOPT_POST => true,
/**
* Specify array of form fields
*/
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => [
'foo' => 'bar',
'baz' => 'biz',
],
]);
$response = curl_exec($curlHandler);
curl_close($curlHandler);
echo($response);
我很惊讶没有人建议 file_get_contents:
$url = "http://www.example.com";
$parameters = array('username' => 'user1', 'password' => 'passuser1', 'gender' => '1');
$options = array('http' => array(
'header' => 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n',
'method' => 'POST',
'content' => http_build_query($parameters)
));
$context = stream_context_create($options);
$result = file_get_contents($url, false, $context);
这很简单,它有效;我在我控制两端代码的环境中使用它。
更好的是,使用 json_decode (并设置您的代码以返回 JSON)
$result = json_decode(file_get_contents($url, false, $context), TRUE);
这种方法在幕后调用 curl,但您不会跳过那么多圈。
从 Stack Overflow 上其他地方的原始答案中提炼的答案: PHP 将变量发送到 file_get_contents()
如果您尝试使用 cookie 登录网站。
这段代码:
if ($server_output == "OK") { ... } else { ... }
如果您尝试登录,它可能无法正常工作,因为许多网站返回状态 200,但发布不成功。
检查登录帖子是否成功的简单方法是检查它是否再次设置cookie。如果在输出中有一个 Set-Cookies 字符串,这意味着帖子不成功,它会启动一个新会话。
此外,帖子可以成功,但状态可以重定向而不是 200。
为确保帖子成功,请尝试以下操作:
关注帖子后的位置,因此它将转到帖子重定向到的页面:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
然后检查请求中是否存在新的 cookie:
if (!preg_match('/^Set-Cookie:\s*([^;]*)/mi', $server_output))
{echo 'post successful'; }
else { echo 'not successful'; }