我一直致力于用几种不同的语言实现Mandelbrot 集。我在 C++、C#、Java 和 Python 中有一个可用的实现,但是 Common Lisp 实现有一些我无法弄清楚的错误。它生成集合,但在管道中的某个地方,集合被扭曲了。我已经测试并且几乎可以肯定地知道文件 I/O CLO 不是问题 - 这不太可能但可能,我已经对其进行了非常彻底的测试。
请注意,这些实现的目的是将它们相互进行基准测试 - 所以我试图使代码实现尽可能相似,以便它们具有可比性。
Mandelbrot 集(此处由 Python 实现生成):
但是我的 Common Lisp 程序会生成这个:
该错误在 Clisp 和 SBCL 中是相同的。
代码:
普通 Lisp:
(defun mandelbrot (real cplx num_iter)
(if (> (+ (* real real) (* cplx cplx)) 4)
1
(let ((tmpreal real) (tmpcplx cplx) (i 1))
(loop
(setq tmpcplx (+ (* (* tmpreal tmpcplx) 2) cplx))
(setq tmpreal (+ (- (* tmpreal tmpreal) (* tmpcplx tmpcplx))
real))
(setq i (+ i 1))
(cond
((> (+ (* tmpreal tmpreal)
(* tmpcplx tmpcplx)) 4) (return i))
((= i num_iter) (return 0)))))))
(defun floordiv (dend sor) (/ (- dend (mod dend sor)) sor))
(defclass xbm () (
(data :accessor data :initarg :data)
(dim :reader dim :initarg :dim)
(arrsize :reader arrsize :initarg :arrsize)))
(defmethod width ((self xbm)) (third (dim self)))
(defmethod height ((self xbm)) (second (dim self)))
(defun generate (width height)
(let ((dims (list 0 0 0)) (arrsize_tmp 0))
(setq dims (list 0 0 0))
(setf (second dims) height)
(setf (third dims) width)
(setf (first dims) (floordiv (third dims) 8))
(unless (= (mod width 8) 0) (setf (first dims) (+ (first dims) 1)))
(setq arrsize_tmp (* (first dims) (second dims)))
(make-instance 'xbm
:data (make-array arrsize_tmp :initial-element 0)
:dim dims
:arrsize arrsize_tmp)))
(defun writexbm (self f)
(with-open-file (stream f :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
(let ((fout stream))
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_width ~d~&" (width self))
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_height ~d~&" (height self))
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_x_hot 1~&")
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_y_hot 1~&")
(format fout "static char mandelbrot_bits[] = {")
(let ((i 0))
(loop
(if (= (mod i 8) 0)
(format fout "~& ")
(format fout " "))
(format fout "0x~x," (svref (data self) i))
(unless (< (setf i (+ i 1)) (arrsize self))
(return t)))))))
(defmethod setpixel ((self xbm) (x integer) (y integer))
(if (and (< x (third (dim self))) (< y (second (dim self))))
(let ((val (+ (floordiv x 8) (* y (first (dim self))))))
(setf (svref (data self) val) (boole boole-ior (svref (data self) val) (ash 1 (mod x 8)))))))
(defmethod unsetpixel ((self xbm) (x integer) (y integer))
(if (and (< x (third (dim self))) (< y (second (dim self))))
(let ((val (+ (floordiv x 8) (* y (first (dim self))))))
(setf (svref (data self) val) (boole boole-xor (boole boole-ior
(svref (data self) val) (ash 1 (mod x 8))) (ash 1 (mod x 8)))))))
(defmethod draw_mandelbrot ((xbm xbm) (num_iter integer) (xmin number)
(xmax number) (ymin number) (ymax number))
(let ((img_width (width xbm)) (img_height (height xbm)) (xp 0))
(loop
(if (< xp img_width)
(let ((xcoord (+ (* (/ xp img_width) (- xmax xmin)) xmin)) (yp 0))
(loop
(if (< yp img_height)
(let (
(ycoord (+ (* (/ yp img_height) (- ymax ymin)) ymin)))
(let ((val (mandelbrot xcoord ycoord num_iter)))
(if (> val 0) (unsetpixel xbm xp yp) (setpixel xbm xp yp)))
(setq yp (+ yp 1)))
(return 0)))
(setq xp (+ xp 1)))
(return 0)))))
(defun main ()
(let ((maxiter 0) (xmin 0) (xmax 0) (ymin 0) (ymax 0) (file nil) (xsize 0) (ysize 0) (picture nil))
(format t "maxiter? ")
(setq maxiter (read))
(format t "xmin? ")
(setq xmin (read))
(format t "xmax? ")
(setq xmax (read))
(format t "ymin? ")
(setq ymin (read))
(format t "ymax? ")
(setq ymax (read))
(format t "file path: ")
(setq file (read-line))
(format t "picture width? ")
(setq xsize (read))
(format t "picture height? ")
(setq ysize (read))
(format t "~&")
(setq picture (generate xsize ysize))
(draw_mandelbrot picture maxiter xmin xmax ymin ymax)
(writexbm picture file)
(format t "File Written.")
0))
(main)
最接近它的是 Python:
from xbm import *
def mandelbrot(real_old,cplx_old,i):
real = float(real_old)
cplx = float(cplx_old)
if (real*real+cplx*cplx) > 4:
return 1
tmpreal = real
tmpcplx = cplx
for rep in range(1,i):
tmpb = tmpcplx
tmpcplx = tmpreal*tmpcplx*2
tmpreal = tmpreal*tmpreal - tmpb*tmpb
tmpcplx += cplx
tmpreal += real
tmpb = tmpcplx*tmpcplx + tmpreal*tmpreal
if tmpb > 4:
return rep+1
else:
return 0
def draw_mandelbrot(pic, num_iter, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax):
img_width = pic.width()
img_height = pic.height()
for xp in range(img_width):
xcoord = (((float(xp)) / img_width) * (xmax - xmin)) + xmin
for yp in range(img_height):
ycoord = (((float(yp)) / img_height) * (ymax - ymin)) + ymin
val = mandelbrot(xcoord, ycoord, num_iter)
if (val):
pic.unsetpixel(xp, yp)
else:
pic.setpixel(xp, yp)
def main():
maxiter = int(raw_input("maxiter? "))
xmin = float(raw_input("xmin? "))
xmax = float(raw_input("xmax? "))
ymin = float(raw_input("ymin? "))
ymax = float(raw_input("ymax? "))
file = raw_input("file path: ")
xsize = int(raw_input("picture width? "))
ysize = int(raw_input("picture height? "))
print
picture = xbm(xsize, ysize)
draw_mandelbrot(picture, maxiter, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
picture.writexbm(file)
print "File Written. "
return 0;
main()
[xbm.py]
from array import *
class xbm:
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.dim = [0, 0, 0]
self.dim[1] = height
self.dim[2] = width
self.dim[0] = self.dim[2] / 8
if width % 8 != 0:
self.dim[0] += 1
self.arrsize = self.dim[0] * self.dim[1]
self.data = array('B', (0 for x in range(self.arrsize)))
self.hex = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
def __nibbletochar__(self, a):
if a < 0 or a > 16:
return '0'
else:
return self.hex[a]
def setpixel(self, x, y):
if x < self.dim[2] and y < self.dim[1]:
self.data[(x / 8) + (y * self.dim[0])] |= 1 << (x % 8)
def unsetpixel(self, x, y):
if x < self.dim[2] and y < self.dim[1]:
self.data[(x / 8) + (y * self.dim[0])] |= 1 << (x % 8)
self.data[(x / 8) + (y * self.dim[0])] ^= 1 << (x % 8)
def width(self):
return self.dim[2]
def height(self):
return self.dim[1]
def writexbm(self, f):
fout = open(f, 'wt')
fout.write("#define mandelbrot_width ")
fout.write(str(self.dim[2]))
fout.write("\n#define mandelbrot_height ")
fout.write(str(self.dim[1]))
fout.write("\n#define mandelbrot_x_hot 1")
fout.write("\n#define mandelbrot_y_hot 1")
fout.write("\nstatic char mandelbrot_bits[] = {")
for i in range(self.arrsize):
if (i % 8 == 0): fout.write("\n\t")
else: fout.write(" ")
fout.write("0x")
fout.write(self.__nibbletochar__(((self.data[i] >> 4) & 0x0F)))
fout.write(self.__nibbletochar__((self.data[i] & 0x0F)))
fout.write(",")
fout.write("\n};\n")
fout.close();
我也可以根据需要发布 C++、C# 或 Java 代码。
谢谢!
编辑:感谢埃德蒙的回应,我发现了这个错误——只是一些在移植时从裂缝中溜走的东西。修改后的代码:
(defun mandelbrot (real cplx num_iter)
(if (> (+ (* real real) (* cplx cplx)) 4)
1
(let ((tmpreal real) (tmpcplx cplx) (i 1) (tmpb cplx))
(loop
(setq tmpb tmpcplx)
(setq tmpcplx (+ (* (* tmpreal tmpcplx) 2) cplx))
(setq tmpreal (+ (- (* tmpreal tmpreal) (* tmpb tmpb))
real))
(setq i (+ i 1))
(cond
((> (+ (* tmpreal tmpreal)
(* tmpcplx tmpcplx)) 4) (return i))
((= i num_iter) (return 0)))))))
(defun floordiv (dend sor) (/ (- dend (mod dend sor)) sor))
(defclass xbm () (
(data :accessor data :initarg :data)
(dim :reader dim :initarg :dim)
(arrsize :reader arrsize :initarg :arrsize)))
(defun width (self) (third (dim self)))
(defun height (self) (second (dim self)))
(defun generate (width height)
(let ((dims (list 0 0 0)) (arrsize_tmp 0))
(setq dims (list 0 0 0))
(setf (second dims) height)
(setf (third dims) width)
(setf (first dims) (floordiv (third dims) 8))
(unless (= (mod width 8) 0) (setf (first dims) (+ (first dims) 1)))
(setq arrsize_tmp (* (first dims) (second dims)))
(make-instance 'xbm
:data (make-array arrsize_tmp :initial-element 0)
:dim dims
:arrsize arrsize_tmp)))
(defun writexbm (self f)
(with-open-file (stream f :direction :output :if-exists :supersede)
(let ((fout stream))
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_width ~d~&" (width self))
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_height ~d~&" (height self))
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_x_hot 1~&")
(format fout "#define mandelbrot_y_hot 1~&")
(format fout "static char mandelbrot_bits[] = {")
(let ((i 0))
(loop
(if (= (mod i 8) 0)
(format fout "~& ")
(format fout " "))
(format fout "0x~x," (svref (data self) i))
(unless (< (setf i (+ i 1)) (arrsize self))
(return t)))))))
(defun setpixel (self x y)
(if (and (< x (third (dim self))) (< y (second (dim self))))
(let ((val (+ (floordiv x 8) (* y (first (dim self))))))
(setf (svref (data self) val) (boole boole-ior (svref (data self) val) (ash 1 (mod x 8)))))))
(defun unsetpixel (self x y)
(if (and (< x (third (dim self))) (< y (second (dim self))))
(let ((val (+ (floordiv x 8) (* y (first (dim self))))))
(setf (svref (data self) val) (boole boole-xor (boole boole-ior
(svref (data self) val) (ash 1 (mod x 8))) (ash 1 (mod x 8)))))))
(defun draw_mandelbrot (xbm num_iter xmin xmax ymin ymax)
(let ((img_width (width xbm)) (img_height (height xbm)) (xp 0))
(loop
(if (< xp img_width)
(let ((xcoord (+ (* (/ xp img_width) (- xmax xmin)) xmin)) (yp 0))
(loop
(if (< yp img_height)
(let (
(ycoord (+ (* (/ yp img_height) (- ymax ymin)) ymin)))
(let ((val (mandelbrot xcoord ycoord num_iter)))
(if (> val 0) (unsetpixel xbm xp yp) (setpixel xbm xp yp)))
(setq yp (+ yp 1)))
(return 0)))
(setq xp (+ xp 1)))
(return 0)))))
(defun main ()
(let ((maxiter 0) (xmin 0) (xmax 0) (ymin 0) (ymax 0) (file nil) (xsize 0) (ysize 0) (picture nil))
(format t "maxiter? ")
(setq maxiter (read))
(format t "xmin? ")
(setq xmin (read))
(format t "xmax? ")
(setq xmax (read))
(format t "ymin? ")
(setq ymin (read))
(format t "ymax? ")
(setq ymax (read))
(format t "file path: ")
(setq file (read-line))
(format t "picture width? ")
(setq xsize (read))
(format t "picture height? ")
(setq ysize (read))
(format t "~&")
(setq picture (generate xsize ysize))
(draw_mandelbrot picture maxiter xmin xmax ymin ymax)
(writexbm picture file)
(format t "File Written.")
0))
(main)
虽然代码不是很像 LISP(这是一个词吗?),但它可以工作。感谢所有发布/评论/回答的人:)