我正在尝试在 python 中开发一种快速算法来查找图像中的峰值,然后找到这些峰值的质心。我使用 scipy.ndimage.label 和 ndimage.find_objects 编写了以下代码来定位对象。这似乎是代码中的瓶颈,在 500x500 图像中定位 20 个对象大约需要 7 毫秒。我想把它放大到更大的(2000x2000)图像,但是时间增加到几乎 100 毫秒。所以,我想知道是否有更快的选择。
这是我到目前为止的代码,它有效,但速度很慢。首先,我使用一些高斯峰值模拟我的数据。这部分速度很慢,但实际上我将使用真实数据,所以我不太关心加快这部分的速度。我希望能够很快找到山峰。
import time
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.ndimage
import matplotlib.patches
plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
ax1 = plt.subplot(221)
ax2 = plt.subplot(222)
ax3 = plt.subplot(223)
ax4 = plt.subplot(224)
size = 500 #width and height of image in pixels
peak_height = 100 # define the height of the peaks
num_peaks = 20
noise_level = 50
threshold = 60
np.random.seed(3)
#set up a simple, blank image (Z)
x = np.linspace(0,size,size)
y = np.linspace(0,size,size)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
Z = X*0
#now add some peaks
def gaussian(X,Y,xo,yo,amp=100,sigmax=4,sigmay=4):
return amp*np.exp(-(X-xo)**2/(2*sigmax**2) - (Y-yo)**2/(2*sigmay**2))
for xo,yo in size*np.random.rand(num_peaks,2):
widthx = 5 + np.random.randn(1)
widthy = 5 + np.random.randn(1)
Z += gaussian(X,Y,xo,yo,amp=peak_height,sigmax=widthx,sigmay=widthy)
#of course, add some noise:
Z = Z + scipy.ndimage.gaussian_filter(0.5*noise_level*np.random.rand(size,size),sigma=5)
Z = Z + scipy.ndimage.gaussian_filter(0.5*noise_level*np.random.rand(size,size),sigma=1)
t = time.time() #Start timing the peak-finding algorithm
#Set everything below the threshold to zero:
Z_thresh = np.copy(Z)
Z_thresh[Z_thresh<threshold] = 0
print 'Time after thresholding: %.5f seconds'%(time.time()-t)
#now find the objects
labeled_image, number_of_objects = scipy.ndimage.label(Z_thresh)
print 'Time after labeling: %.5f seconds'%(time.time()-t)
peak_slices = scipy.ndimage.find_objects(labeled_image)
print 'Time after finding objects: %.5f seconds'%(time.time()-t)
def centroid(data):
h,w = np.shape(data)
x = np.arange(0,w)
y = np.arange(0,h)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
cx = np.sum(X*data)/np.sum(data)
cy = np.sum(Y*data)/np.sum(data)
return cx,cy
centroids = []
for peak_slice in peak_slices:
dy,dx = peak_slice
x,y = dx.start, dy.start
cx,cy = centroid(Z_thresh[peak_slice])
centroids.append((x+cx,y+cy))
print 'Total time: %.5f seconds\n'%(time.time()-t)
###########################################
#Now make the plots:
for ax in (ax1,ax2,ax3,ax4): ax.clear()
ax1.set_title('Original image')
ax1.imshow(Z,origin='lower')
ax2.set_title('Thresholded image')
ax2.imshow(Z_thresh,origin='lower')
ax3.set_title('Labeled image')
ax3.imshow(labeled_image,origin='lower') #display the color-coded regions
for peak_slice in peak_slices: #Draw some rectangles around the objects
dy,dx = peak_slice
xy = (dx.start, dy.start)
width = (dx.stop - dx.start + 1)
height = (dy.stop - dy.start + 1)
rect = matplotlib.patches.Rectangle(xy,width,height,fc='none',ec='red')
ax3.add_patch(rect,)
ax4.set_title('Centroids on original image')
ax4.imshow(Z,origin='lower')
for x,y in centroids:
ax4.plot(x,y,'kx',ms=10)
ax4.set_xlim(0,size)
ax4.set_ylim(0,size)
plt.tight_layout
plt.show()
size=500 的结果:
编辑:如果峰值的数量很大(~100)并且图像的大小很小,那么瓶颈实际上是质心部分。所以,或许这部分的速度也需要优化。