我目前正在将一些 Scala 代码移植到 Python,我想知道做类似于 Scala 的最 Pythonic 的方法是什么partition
?特别是,在 Scala 代码中,我有一种情况,我根据我传入的某个过滤谓词返回 true 或 false 来划分项目列表:
val (inGroup,outGroup) = items.partition(filter)
在 Python 中执行此类操作的最佳方法是什么?
使用过滤器(需要两次迭代):
>>> items = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> inGroup = filter(is_even, items) # list(filter(is_even, items)) in Python 3.x
>>> outGroup = filter(lambda n: not is_even(n), items)
>>> inGroup
[2, 4]
>>> outGroup
简单循环:
def partition(item, filter_):
inGroup, outGroup = [], []
for n in items:
if filter_(n):
inGroup.append(n)
else:
outGroup.append(n)
return inGroup, outGroup
例子:
>>> items = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> inGroup, outGroup = partition(items, is_even)
>>> inGroup
[2, 4]
>>> outGroup
[1, 3, 5]
斯卡拉
val (inGroup,outGroup) = items.partition(filter)
Python - 使用列表理解
inGroup = [e for e in items if _filter(e)]
outGroup = [e for e in items if not _filter(e)]
这个版本是惰性的,不会两次将谓词应用于同一元素:
def partition(it, pred):
buf = [[], []]
it = iter(it)
def get(t):
while True:
while buf[t]:
yield buf[t].pop(0)
x = next(it)
if t == bool(pred(x)):
yield x
else:
buf[not t].append(x)
return get(True), get(False)
例子:
even = lambda x: x % 2 == 0
e, o = partition([1,1,1,2,2,2,1,2], even)
print list(e)
print list(o)
Scala 有丰富的列表处理 api,Python 也差不多。
您应该阅读文档itertools。您可能会发现分区收据。
from itertools import ifilterfalse, ifilter, islice, tee, count
def partition(pred, iterable):
'''
>>> is_even = lambda i: i % 2 == 0
>>> even, no_even = partition(is_even, xrange(11))
>>> list(even)
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
>>> list(no_even)
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
# Lazy evaluation
>>> infi_list = count(0)
>>> ingroup, outgroup = partition(is_even, infi_list)
>>> list(islice(ingroup, 5))
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> list(islice(outgroup, 5))
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
'''
t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
return ifilter(pred, t1), ifilterfalse(pred, t2)