我是 Struts 2 的新手。我想使用 struts2 创建一个简单的 Hello 程序，当我尝试运行该程序时，我在控制台中收到以下消息：
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:35 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Program Files (x86)\HP SimplePass\x64;C:\Program Files (x86)\HP SimplePass\;;C:\Program Files (x86)\AMD APP\bin\x86_64;C:\Program Files (x86)\AMD APP\bin\x86;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\DLLShared\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\DLLShared\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Roxio Shared\12.0\DLLShared\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Live\Shared;C:\Program Files (x86)\ATI Technologies\ATI.ACE\Core-Static;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Services\IPT\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Autodesk Shared\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Autodesk\Backburner\;C:\Program Files\Intel\WiFi\bin\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Intel\WirelessCommon\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_25\bin;C:\javaworks\apache-ant-1.9.2\bin;;.
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:36 AM org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.SetPropertiesRule begin
WARNING: [SetPropertiesRule]{Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context} Setting property 'source' to 'org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:ExampleTracker' did not find a matching property.
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:36 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:36 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:36 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 661 ms
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:36 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:36 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.jdk.JdkLogger error
SEVERE: Dispatcher initialization failed
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(ContainerImpl.java:301)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$ConstructorInjector.construct(ContainerImpl.java:438)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$5.create(ContainerBuilder.java:207)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Scope$2$1.create(Scope.java:51)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$3.create(ContainerBuilder.java:93)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuilder.java:487)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuilder.java:484)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext(ContainerImpl.java:584)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder.create(ContainerBuilder.java:484)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.createBootstrapContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:324)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:446)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:490)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(ContainerImpl.java:299)
... 28 more
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory.setContainer(OgnlValueStackFactory.java:84)
... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Javassist library is missing in classpath! Please add missed dependency!
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.<clinit>(OgnlRuntime.java:168)
... 34 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javassist.ClassPool
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1714)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1559)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.<clinit>(OgnlRuntime.java:165)
... 34 more
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException - Class: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector
File: ContainerImpl.java
Method: inject
Line: 301 - com/opensymphony/xwork2/inject/ContainerImpl.java:301:-1
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:502)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(ContainerImpl.java:301)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$ConstructorInjector.construct(ContainerImpl.java:438)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$5.create(ContainerBuilder.java:207)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Scope$2$1.create(Scope.java:51)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$3.create(ContainerBuilder.java:93)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuilder.java:487)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuilder.java:484)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext(ContainerImpl.java:584)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder.create(ContainerBuilder.java:484)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.createBootstrapContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:324)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:446)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:490)
... 15 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(ContainerImpl.java:299)
... 28 more
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory.setContainer(OgnlValueStackFactory.java:84)
... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Javassist library is missing in classpath! Please add missed dependency!
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.<clinit>(OgnlRuntime.java:168)
... 34 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javassist.ClassPool
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1714)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1559)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
at ognl.OgnlRuntime.<clinit>(OgnlRuntime.java:165)
... 34 more
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Error filterStart
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Context [/ExampleTracker] startup failed due to previous errors
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Aug 30, 2013 11:33:37 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 1277 ms
我的原始代码块如下：
HelloWorld.java
package com.xyz;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String greeting;
public String getGreeting() {
return greeting;
}
public void setGreeting(String greeting) {
this.greeting = greeting;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
setGreeting("hello program");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="basicStruts" extends="struts-default">
<action name="hello" class="com.xyz.HelloWorld">
<result name="success">/HelloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
当我尝试通过链接访问时运行后http://localhost:8080/ExampleTracker/hello，我得到以下页面：
谁能帮我解决这个问题。
谢谢