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我的问题是：我已经在openGL（LWJGL）中将图像作为纹理加载，每次调用draw方法时，我都可以选择要显示的tileset的位置（在我的情况下是一个特定的帧精灵的动画），我想知道是否最好读取整个图块集并将其切割成仅单个精灵的较小图块集，或者处理整个图像是相同的。

实际上，我将整个图像加载到每个图块的纹理中，每次绘制时，每个图块都与整个图块集上的 GL_QUADS 一起使用。

一个瓦片集可以包含许多瓦片和许多动画瓦片。

我曾经使用图像，读取一个大的并将其放入图块集对象中，然后分离每个图块，切割图像并将切割的部分放入图块中。

我不明白它是否与纹理相同。

在那种情况下，创建新纹理的方法是什么？

我想做的是：

MAP 加载 TILESET TILESET 加载整个图像 将图像切割成许多小图像（纹理） TILE 将只有一个小的纹理，大的一部分。

每次绘制每个图块将只处理一个较小的图块。如果我将整个图块集传递给每个图块，告诉它只向用户显示哪个部分，那是正确的还是相同的？

这是我的 TileSet 类：

package mh.map;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Vector;

import mh.GameWindow;
import tiled.util.TileCutter;

public class TileSet implements Iterable<Tile> {
private String              base;
final private Vector<Tile>  tiles   = new Vector<Tile>();
private long                tilebmpFileLastModified;
private TileCutter          tileCutter;
private Rectangle           tileDimensions;
private int                 tileSpacing;
private int                 tileMargin;
private int                 tilesPerRow;
private String              externalSource;
private File                tilebmpFile;
private String              name;
private Color               transparentColor;
private Image               tileSetImage;

private Texture             texture;

public TileSet() {
    this.tileDimensions = new Rectangle();
}

public void importTileTexture(String ref, int width, int height, int spacing, int margin) {
    try {
        this.texture = GameWindow.getTextureLoader().getTexture(ref);
        int texWidth = this.texture.getImageWidth();
        int texHeight = this.texture.getImageHeight();
        int tilePerRow = texWidth / width;
        int rows = texHeight / height;
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < tilePerRow; j++) {
                Tile t = new Tile(this, j, i);
                this.addNewTile(t);
            }
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.err.println("Unable to load texture: " + ref);
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

public int addTile(Tile t) {
    if (t.getId() < 0) {
        t.setId(this.tiles.size());
    }


    if (this.tileDimensions.width < t.getWidth()) {
        this.tileDimensions.width = t.getWidth();
    }

    if (this.tileDimensions.height < t.getHeight()) {
        this.tileDimensions.height = t.getHeight();
    }

    this.tiles.add(t);
    t.setTileSet(this);

    return t.getId();
}

public void addNewTile(Tile t) {
    t.setId(-1);
    this.addTile(t);
}

public void removeTile(int i) {
    this.tiles.set(i, null);
}

public int size() {
    return this.tiles.size();
}

public int getMaxTileId() {
    return this.tiles.size() - 1;
}

public Tile getTile(int i) {
    try {
        return this.tiles.get(i);
    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException a) {
    }
    return null;
}

public Tile getFirstTile() {
    Tile ret = null;
    int i = 0;
    while ((ret == null) && (i <= this.getMaxTileId())) {
        ret = this.getTile(i);
        i++;
    }
    return ret;
}

public Texture getTexture() {
    return this.texture;
}

}

这是 Tile.java

package mh.map;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

import mh.GameWindow;
import mh.interfaces.IImage;

import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;


public class Tile implements IImage {
/**
 * The texture that stores the image for this sprite (not just one frame)
 * @deprecated Use instead {@link TileSet#getTexture()}
 */
private Texture     texture;
private int         id;
private TileSet     set;
private Properties  prop;
private int         offsetX;
private int         offsetY;

/**
 * Creates a new Tile with a reference to the <code>TileSet</code> and a specified position in that specific set.
 * 
 * @param ts
 *            The TileSet
 * @param texX
 *            The x position of the tile in the tileset (in tile unit)
 * @param texY
 *            The y position of the tile in the tileset (in tile unit)
 */
public Tile(TileSet ts, int texX, int texY) {
    this.set = ts;
    this.offsetX = texX;
    this.offsetY = texY;
    this.texture = ts.getTexture();
}

@Override
public int getWidth() {
    return this.texture.getImageWidth();
}

@Override
public int getHeight() {
    return this.texture.getImageHeight();
}

public void draw(double x, double y) {
    GL11.glPushMatrix();

    this.texture.bind();

    GL11.glTranslated(x, y, 0);
    GL11.glColor3f(1, 1, 1);
    GL11.glBegin(GL11.GL_QUADS);
    {
                    // TODO, USE OFFSETS TO DRAW THE CORRECT PIECE OF THE TEXTURE
        GL11.glTexCoord2f(0, 0);
        GL11.glVertex2f(0, 0);
        GL11.glTexCoord2f(0, this.texture.getHeight());
        GL11.glVertex2f(0, 32);
        GL11.glTexCoord2f(this.texture.getWidth(), this.texture.getHeight());
        GL11.glVertex2f(32, 32);
        GL11.glTexCoord2f(this.texture.getWidth(), 0);
        GL11.glVertex2f(32, 0);
    }
    GL11.glEnd();

    // restore the model view matrix to prevent contamination
    GL11.glPopMatrix();
}

public void setId(int i) {
    if (i >= 0) {
        this.id = i;
    }
}

public int getId() {
    return this.id;
}

public Properties getProperties() {
    return this.prop;
}

public void setProperties(Properties p) {
    this.prop = p;
}

public void setTileSet(TileSet ts) {
    this.set = ts;
}
}

这是纹理加载器：

package mh.map;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Transparency;
import java.awt.color.ColorSpace;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.ColorModel;
import java.awt.image.ComponentColorModel;
import java.awt.image.DataBuffer;
import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;
import java.awt.image.Raster;
import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.IntBuffer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

/**
 * @author Kevin Glass
 * @author Brian Matzon
 * @author Gianmarco Laggia
 */
public class TextureLoader {
/** The table of textures that have been loaded in this loader */
private final HashMap<String, Texture>  table   = new HashMap<String, Texture>();

/** The colour model including alpha for the GL image */
private final ColorModel                glAlphaColorModel;

/** The colour model for the GL image */
private final ColorModel                glColorModel;

/**
 * Create a new texture loader based on the game panel
 */
public TextureLoader() {
    this.glAlphaColorModel = new ComponentColorModel(ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_sRGB), new int[] { 8, 8, 8, 8 }, true, false,
            Transparency.TRANSLUCENT, DataBuffer.TYPE_BYTE);

    this.glColorModel = new ComponentColorModel(ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_sRGB), new int[] { 8, 8, 8, 0 }, false, false, Transparency.OPAQUE,
            DataBuffer.TYPE_BYTE);
}

/**
 * Create a new texture ID
 * 
 * @return A new texture ID
 */
private int createTextureID() {
    IntBuffer tmp = this.createIntBuffer(1);
    GL11.glGenTextures(tmp);
    return tmp.get(0);
}

/**
 * Load a texture
 * 
 * @param resourceName
 *            The location of the resource to load
 * @return The loaded texture
 * @throws IOException
 *             Indicates a failure to access the resource
 */
public Texture getTexture(String resourceName) throws IOException {
    Texture tex = this.table.get(resourceName);

    if (tex != null) {
        return tex;
    }

    tex = this.getTexture(resourceName, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D, // target
            GL11.GL_RGBA, // dst pixel format
            GL11.GL_LINEAR, // min filter (unused)
            GL11.GL_LINEAR);

    this.table.put(resourceName, tex);

    return tex;
}

/**
 * Load a texture into OpenGL from a image reference on disk.
 * 
 * @param resourceName
 *            The location of the resource to load
 * @param target
 *            The GL target to load the texture against
 * @param dstPixelFormat
 *            The pixel format of the screen
 * @param minFilter
 *            The minimising filter
 * @param magFilter
 *            The magnification filter
 * @return The loaded texture
 * @throws IOException
 *             Indicates a failure to access the resource
 */
public Texture getTexture(String resourceName, int target, int dstPixelFormat, int minFilter, int magFilter) throws IOException {
    int srcPixelFormat = 0;

    // create the texture ID for this texture
    int textureID = this.createTextureID();
    Texture texture = new Texture(target, textureID);

    // bind this texture
    GL11.glBindTexture(target, textureID);

    BufferedImage bufferedImage = this.loadImage(resourceName);
    texture.setWidth(bufferedImage.getWidth());
    texture.setHeight(bufferedImage.getHeight());

    if (bufferedImage.getColorModel().hasAlpha()) {
        srcPixelFormat = GL11.GL_RGBA;
    } else {
        srcPixelFormat = GL11.GL_RGB;
    }

    // convert that image into a byte buffer of texture data
    ByteBuffer textureBuffer = this.convertImageData(bufferedImage, texture);

    if (target == GL11.GL_TEXTURE_2D) {
        GL11.glTexParameteri(target, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, minFilter);
        GL11.glTexParameteri(target, GL11.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, magFilter);
    }

    // produce a texture from the byte buffer
    GL11.glTexImage2D(target, 0, dstPixelFormat, this.get2Fold(bufferedImage.getWidth()), this.get2Fold(bufferedImage.getHeight()), 0, srcPixelFormat,
            GL11.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureBuffer);

    return texture;
}

/**
 * Get the closest greater power of 2 to the fold number
 * 
 * @param fold
 *            The target number
 * @return The power of 2
 */
private int get2Fold(int fold) {
    int ret = 2;
    while (ret < fold) {
        ret *= 2;
    }
    return ret;
}

/**
 * Convert the buffered image to a texture
 * 
 * @param bufferedImage
 *            The image to convert to a texture
 * @param texture
 *            The texture to store the data into
 * @return A buffer containing the data
 */
private ByteBuffer convertImageData(BufferedImage bufferedImage, Texture texture) {
    ByteBuffer imageBuffer = null;
    WritableRaster raster;
    BufferedImage texImage;

    int texWidth = 2;
    int texHeight = 2;

    // find the closest power of 2 for the width and height
    // of the produced texture
    while (texWidth < bufferedImage.getWidth()) {
        texWidth *= 2;
    }
    while (texHeight < bufferedImage.getHeight()) {
        texHeight *= 2;
    }

    texture.setTextureHeight(texHeight);
    texture.setTextureWidth(texWidth);

    // create a raster that can be used by OpenGL as a source
    // for a texture
    if (bufferedImage.getColorModel().hasAlpha()) {
        raster = Raster.createInterleavedRaster(DataBuffer.TYPE_BYTE, texWidth, texHeight, 4, null);
        texImage = new BufferedImage(this.glAlphaColorModel, raster, false, new Hashtable<String, Texture>());
    } else {
        raster = Raster.createInterleavedRaster(DataBuffer.TYPE_BYTE, texWidth, texHeight, 3, null);
        texImage = new BufferedImage(this.glColorModel, raster, false, new Hashtable<String, Texture>());
    }

    // copy the source image into the produced image
    Graphics g = texImage.getGraphics();
    g.setColor(new Color(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f));
    g.fillRect(0, 0, texWidth, texHeight);
    g.drawImage(bufferedImage, 0, 0, null);

    // build a byte buffer from the temporary image
    // that be used by OpenGL to produce a texture.
    byte[] data = ((DataBufferByte) texImage.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();

    imageBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(data.length);
    imageBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
    imageBuffer.put(data, 0, data.length);
    imageBuffer.flip();

    return imageBuffer;
}

/**
 * Load a given resource as a buffered image
 * 
 * @param ref
 *            The location of the resource to load
 * @return The loaded buffered image
 * @throws IOException
 *             Indicates a failure to find a resource
 */
private BufferedImage loadImage(String ref) throws IOException {
    URL url = TextureLoader.class.getClassLoader().getResource(ref);
    if (url == null) {
        url = new URL("file:"+ref);
//          throw new IOException("Cannot find: " + ref);
    }
    System.out.println("URL:" + url);
    BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(new BufferedInputStream(url.openStream()));//this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(ref)));

    return bufferedImage;
}

/**
 * Creates an integer buffer to hold specified ints - strictly a utility method
 * 
 * @param size
 *            how many int to contain
 * @return created IntBuffer
 */
protected IntBuffer createIntBuffer(int size) {
    ByteBuffer temp = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4 * size);
    temp.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());

    return temp.asIntBuffer();
}
}
4

1 回答 1

1

在您的情况下，在渲染到 GL_QUADS 时处理纹理坐标可能会更有益Tileset，而不是将大图像分割成小图块。这样，您在内存中只有一个副本（而不是两个），并且可以减少加载时间。

此外，它可以缓存大纹理并使用Tileset类指定的纹理坐标简单地绘制图块，这很可能会加快渲染速度。

例如，当你绘制你的 时Map，它会调用Tileset.drawTile(tileID). drawTile 方法将执行 OpenGL 绘制调用，并将 texcoords 设置为您正在绘制的图块的位置。

编辑：一个 hacky 解决方案来突出我的意思：

public class Tileset {

 private int tilesetImageHandle;

 private ArrayList<Tile> tiles;

 public Tile getTile(int tileIndex) {
    return tiles.get(tileIndex);
 }

 public void bindTexture() {
    glBindTexture(tilesetImageHandle);
 }

 // Methods to retrieve tileset subimage offsets in x and y directions

}

public class Tile {
 private Tileset tileset;
 private float u, v;

 public Tile(Tileset tileset, float u, float v)  {
    this.tileset = tileset;
    this.u = u;
    this.v = v;
 }

 public void draw(Point location) {
    tileset.bindTexture();

    glPushMatrix(GL_MODEL_VIEW_MATRIX);
    glTranslate2f(location.x, location.y);

    glBegin(GL_QUADS);

    glCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);
    glTexCoord2f(u, v);
    glCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);
    glTexCoord2f(u, v + tileset.getTilesetOffsetY());
    glCoord2f(tileset.getTileDimX(), tileset.getTileDimY());
    glTexCoord2f(u + tileset.getTilesetOffsetX(), v + tileset.getTilesetOffsetY());
    glCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);
    glTexCoord2f(u + tileset.getTilesetOffsetX(), v);

    glEnd();

    glPopMatrix(GL_MODEL_VIEW_MATRIX);
 }
}

瓦片集类持有瓦片集图像的 GL 句柄。

Tile 类用于根据提供的位置和它所属的瓦片集来渲染瓦片（绑定图像并使用与特定瓦片对应的 texcoords 绘制四边形）。

这并不能说明一切，但我没有太多时间将它们放在一起，而且我不确定您是如何实现您的应用程序的。

于 2013-08-30T20:42:32.680 回答